Aortic root abscess results when uncontrolled infective endocarditis causes aneurysm of one of the sinuses of Valsalva that is in free communication with the aortic root above the valve cusps. The risk factors for aortic root abscess in endocarditis are bicuspid aortic valve, aortic valve regurgitation, degenerative aortic stenosis and patients with multi valvular disease. In general terms, prognosis is better if surgery is undertaken early, before cardiac tissue destruction and deterioration in the overall condition of the patient increase the hazards of intervention.
Donor organ shortage has been the Achilles heel of organ transplantation programmes. Bioprinted organs promise to bridge the gap and provide
succor to this group of patients. Fusion of disciplines relating to cell biology, bioinformatics, physics, geneticists and material science could well
make commercially available human organs a reality in near future. Biofabricated tissues have made a promising entry in this region augmenting
our hopes on this technology to provide human organs in future too. Key materials that would be the limiting links in this journey to commercial
success and viability would be recombinant protein biolinks, maturation and other growth factors.
The domain of science that would witness the greatest exponential contribution of articial intelligence in near future is health care. Improved
health care efciency in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis would be the end result. There is great potential of articial intelligence in future
directions in cardiovascular imaging. Genotype is a great inuence on disease risk. Identication and characterization of genetic variants is one
domain where AI shows great promise. Variant interpretation is one of the key challenges in genetic sequencing. Heterogeneity, low delity and
integration difculties stalk the traditional statistical approaches in this eld. High resolution whole organ models and genome wide approaches
nally unravel tackling points in interaction of environment with genes, making cardiovascular disease prevention or even auto engineered organs
an ultimate reality. Improved access to health and well-being empowers both patients and the physician with reliable access and assistance that
intelligently supports clinical decision-making would be the greatest benet. Data analysis with predictive potential would enhance patient safety
and preventive medicine and cardiovascular disease that causes the greatest mortality would be the greatest beneciary
Drawbacks persist relating to irreversibility of leaflet resection, time-consuming leaflet reconstruction with sliding annuloplasty, monoleaflet function, and systolic anterior motion (SAM) risk. Graded neochordal reconstruction mitigates many of these but has the challenge of precise sizing and possibility of leaving excessive tissue, risking SAM. When this reconstruction is based on stress analysis and shear analysis methods the outcome gives the best results. Short term evaluation has been done with good outcomes.
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