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Objectives The rehospitalization frequency/indications of low birth weight (LBW) preterms and the effect of rehospitalization on growth and neurodevelopment were investigated. Methods LBW preterms discharged from NICU were prospectively followed until the corrected age of 1 year. Infants rehospitalized after discharge were defined as the study group and those not rehospitalized as the control group. The frequency, duration and etiology of rehospitalization were investigated and the effects of neonatal complications, surgery and socio-demographic status on rehospitalization were assessed. Results The study and the control group included 113 and 217 infants, respectively. Infants in the study group were rehospitalized 247 times in total. Rehospitalization was significantly higher in the male gender (39.7% vs. 28.9%, p < 0.05). Hyperbilirubinemia-anemia, anemia-surgery and pulmonary-other infections were the most common indications for rehospitalization in the 0–14 days, 15 days to 2 months and 2–12 months, respectively. Intrauterine growth had no impact on rehospitalization. Somatic growth and neurodevelopment were significantly delayed in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Birth weight and gestational week are the most important determinants of rehospitalization. Rehospitalized preterm infants have significant deficits in both somatic growth and neurodevelopment despite high-quality follow-up care.