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Conversion of oleic acid has been monitored with time for the reaction with glycerine to yield selectively 1-glycerol monooleate, using a slightly basic ultrastable Y-zeolite as catalyst. Various experiments at different temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and glycerine/oleic acid molar ratios have been carried out. Results show that no significant amount of triglyceride appears in the reaction mixture during the esterification process. An approximate pseudo-second-order kinetic model has been proposed and tested, showing that it reproduces the experimental results with a maximum 10% error.

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Synthesis of a wax ester analog of jojoba oil was accomplished from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol with a zeolite as catalyst. A full 2 3 factorial design at two levels has been used in the synthesis. The variables selected were temperature, reduced pressure and initial catalyst concentration. The most important variable within the range studied was temperature. Reduced pressure had a negative influence, and initial catalyst concentration showed a positive influence on the process. A response equation has been determined for the yield of ester. The properties of the synthesized product are similar to those of natural jojoba oil. KEY WORDS: Esterification, factorial design, jojoba oil, wax ester, zeolite.

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