Extensivxe exposures of peat located in initer-ridge swales, at the contact between beach anid oxerlyiing coastal dune deposits at Skagen Odde. northern Denmark, provide a record of spit development in relation to glacioisostatic rebound and sea-level variation. The elevationi of the base of the swale peats was measured over a distanlce of l5 kmni anid rcpresenits spit gosowth bet-Necen '6000 and 1400 cal. veairs BP. Tlle swale pealts fall from 13-14 m a.s.l. in the south (proximiial part) to 3-4 m a.s.l. in the north (distal part) reflecting the inifluenice of 'ostatic rebounid diting spit gTowsth. The nesw data suggest that isostatic rebound progressively declined with time fromi c. 3 mm yr' to c. 1.5 mm yr'. Superimposed on the isostatic controlled changes are smaller-scale fluctations in peat elevation related to eustatic sea-level changes. Sea-level higlhstands ae iden1 t ified at 5450 (+2.7 in). 4700 (+1.7 m) and 2450 cal. years BP (+0.4 m). anid lowstands at 5200 (+1.5 m). 4100 (-1.9 mn) anid 1650i cal. years B3 (40.6 m). A final comilponiient th at contributes to variatiotis in peat lexattion is local topoarcapiv and at a few places pcat drapes across stiaal icoli clidns. Tlin agc nilO indicates eat the spit-groxthi tiate varied betwveen 2 anid moi-e tlhani 10 mi sr-'. Thlse variations in growtlh rate may patily t-ecord sea level controlled fluctationis in the supply of sanid fromi erodini;g clifts onl the west coast of niorthern Juitlarid.

Richardt, N. 2003 (March): Ice-flow patterns and dispersal of erratics at the southwestern margin of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet: signature of palaeo-ice streams. Boreas, Vol. 32, An extensive set of proxy-data was acquired from eastern and central Denmark in order to study the dynamic behaviour of the southwestern margin of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet. We examine the last three glacier advances of the Late Weichselian: the Main advance from central Sweden, representing the maximum ice extent at this time (c. 21-20 ka BP), and the two succeeding Baltic advances (c. 18-15 ka BP). Directional properties from tills and glaciotectonic overprints are used to reveal large-scale flowline patterns. Together with the geomorphological outline of ice margins, flowlines were successively more fan-shaped, indicating that the dependence of the subglacial topography increases as ice advances become younger. It is suggested that while the ice thickness decreases, more lobate configurations of ice margins are created as a result. Clast-compositional data derived from the fine-gravel fraction in tills are used to reconstruct dispersal patterns of erratic material. The dispersal patterns during the three advances show a gradually diminishing influence of local Pre-Quaternary bedrocks and older glacial deposits, and progressively longer transport distances of far-travelled erratics. We speculate that the principal factor governing this development is a successively decreasing interaction between the ice and its bed, which influences the concentration of erratics, debris comminution processes and the basal ice velocity. We envisage the Main advance from central Sweden as a slow-flowing inter-stream ice body with high bed interaction compared to the succeeding Baltic advances, which we regard to have been rapid flowing ice streams with limited bed interaction.

Modern sedimentological principles are used to examine the Late Weichselian marine history of Vendsyssel, northern Denmark. The purpose is to determine significant sea-level events and to outline a new relative sea-level curve. Five significant events are found: deglaciation, high relative sea level ( c. 60 m above the present sea level), a rapid fall in relative sea level, a marked break in sea-level fall ( c. 20 m above the present sea level) and a renewed fall in relative sea level. The new sedimentologically based sea-level curve is compared with a classical and a revised ecologically based relative sea-level curve. These curves show an initial transgression following deglaciation. The new sedimentologically based curve shows no transgression. It is concluded that this curve is the most reliable. When comparing the new sea-level curve with regional data from Vendsyssel significant differences are found. A time transgressive deglaciation pattern and neotectonic movements might explain these differences. The isostatic position of the study area during the examined time span is sketched. Rapid isostatic uplift commenced as late as c. 13 300 years BP , at least 1300 years after deglaciation of the area.

Hydrological and geochemical processes controlling the pore water chemistry in a permafrost wetland, with loam overlain by sphagnum peat, were investigated. The vertical distributions of dissolved Cl, and of pore water d 18 O, appeared unrelated to ion freeze-out and isotope ice-water fractionation processes, respectively, dismissing solute freeze-out as a main control on the water chemistry. However, concentrations of major ions, others than Cl, generally increased with depth into the active layer. A conceptual model for water and solute movement in the active layer was derived. The model indicates upward diffusive transport of elements, released in the loam layer by mineral weathering, to the peat layer, in which lateral advective transport dominates. Active layer pore water and water of melted core sections of permafrost were of Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type (1:1:4 stoichiometry) and were subsaturated for calcite and dolomite. The results are consistent with an annual cycling of inorganic carbon species, Ca and Mg, via cryogenic carbonate precipitation during fall freeze-up and their redissolution following spring thaw. Similarly, elevated Fe 21 concentrations appear to be related to cryogenic siderite formation. Pore water in the active layer showed high partial pressures of CO 2 , indicating the feasibility of bubble ebullition as a greenhouse gas emission pathway from permafrost wetlands. Elevated concentrations of geogenic trace elements (Ni, Al, and As) were observed, and the controlling geochemical processes are discussed. The conceptual model for water and solute movement was applied to quantify the contribution of released trace elements to a downstream lake in the permafrost catchment.