The relationship between the transformation of advanced capitalist societies from Fordism to post-Fordism and the simultaneous rise within these societies of postmodern culture is investigated. In art and architecture the exhaustion of high-modernist aesthetic progressivism resulted in a postmodern ‘condition’ of ‘free disposability’ of aesthetic materials which was furthered by societal developments such as the dissolution of the Fordist model of standardized consumption into diversified and aesthetizised consumption, the rise of an experimenting culture industry after the youth revolt of the 1960s, the growth of the service class, and the advent of ‘disposability’ in regard to ways and styles of living. In social philosophy a general delegitimation of the grand narratives of progress and emancipation occurred as ‘high-Fordism’ gave way to stagnating ‘late-Fordism’ and fragmented ‘post-Fordism’. In this process the technocratic–statist narrative of Fordism itself and the labor utopia of the industrial working class lost credibility, without any emergence of convincing utopian or grand reformist alternatives. The spatial (global–local) aspects of these transformations are emphasized and the paper concludes with some left-critical considerations which stress the democratic potential of postmodernism and its openness towards local alliances protective against the powers of global capitals and centralized states.

Background: Hip fractures constitute a major health problem in elderly people and are often fall-related. Several factors can contribute to a fall episode leading to hip fracture, including fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs), which are often used by elderly people. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of medication-related falls and to assess the role of FRIDs and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in a population of elderly patients hospitalized for a hip fracture. Methods: We reviewed the patient records of 200 consecutive patients, aged ≥65 years, who were admitted for a hip fracture and evaluated whether medications were likely to have contributed to the fall episode. PIMs were identified using the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions version 2 (STOPP) and by evaluating indications, contra-indications and interactions of the prescribed medications for each patient. Results: FRIDs were used by 175 patients (87.5%). Medications were considered a likely contributor to the fall in 82 patients (41%). These were most often psychotropic medications alone or in combination with antihypertensives and/or diuretics. The 82 patients with suspected medication-related falls used more medications, FRIDs and PIMs than the rest of the patients, and in 74 (90%) of the 82 patients, at least one medication considered to be a contributor to the fall was also a PIM. Conclusions: The prevalence of suspected medication-related falls was 41%. It seems likely that a medication review could have reduced, though not eliminated, the risk of falling in this group of patients.

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the phase center separation in elevation between the linear arrays. Thus, two residual grating lobes remain. One is directly above and the other directly below t.he horizontal plane. As more pairs of linear arrays a.re added, the magnitude of these grating lobes is reduced until they disappear entirely. For the present ca.se, in which t.here are only a total of eight linear arrays, t,he suppression of these residual grating lobes is incomplete. The degree of cancellation is a.lso dependent on manufacturing t.olerance of various component,s. Obviously, imbalance in either amplitude or phase between the linear arrays would produce a residual sidelobe. The reduction of this residual grating lobe is automat.ic when more linear arrays a.re employed, as in a typical t.wo-dimensional array. An est.imate of the residual grating lobe as a function of the number of linear arrays has been made. For a typical planar array antenna consisting of 40 linear arrays, the residual grating lobe is est,imated to be below 40 dB. Radiat,ion patterns were also measured for various scan angles, for various incident, polarizations, and over a 6-percent frequency band with comparable results.The experiment,al array kas set for circular polarization and t.he axial ratio wa.s measured over various points within the main beam. As shown in Fig. 10, the axial ratio between the 3 dB points is nithin 0.5 dB and the cross polarizat,ion level was measured to be about -30 dl3 at the main beam region and is generally much lower elsewhere. ACRNOWLEDGMENTThe authors wish to thank Dr. R. Mack of AF'CRL for helpful discussions and suggestions during the course of this program. Abstract-A theoretical formulation, in terms of combined magnetic and electric field integral equations, is presented for the class of electromagnetic problems in which one or more wire antennas are connected to a conducting body of arbitrary shape. The formulation is suitable for numerical computation provided that the overall dimensions of the structure are not large compared to the wave- REFERENCES

Ca homoeostasis is important to human health and tightly controlled by powerful hormonal mechanisms that display ethnic variation. Ethnic variations could occur also in Arctic populations where the traditional Inuit diet is low in Ca and sun exposure is limited. We aimed to assess factors important to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Ca in serum in Arctic populations. We included Inuit and Caucasians aged 50-69 years living in the capital city in West or in rural East Greenland. Lifestyle factors were assessed by questionnaires. The intake of Inuit diet was assessed from a FFQ. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD2 and 25OHD3) levels were measured in serum as was albumin, Ca and PTH. The participation rate was 95 %, with 101 Caucasians and 434 Inuit. Median serum 25OHD (99·7 % was 25OHD3) in Caucasians/Inuit was 42/64 nmol/l (25, 75 percentiles 25, 54/51, 81) (P<0·001). Total Ca in serum was 2·33/2·29 mmol/l (25, 75 percentiles 2·26, 2·38/2·21, 2·36) (P=0·01) and PTH was 2·7/2·2 pmol/l (25, 75 percentiles 2·2, 4·1/1·7, 2·7) (P<0·001). The 69/97 Caucasians/Inuit with serum 25OHD <50 nmol/l differed in PTH (P=0·001) that rose with lower 25OHD levels in Caucasians, whereas this was not the case in Inuit. Ethnic origin influenced PTH (β=0·27, P<0·001) and Ca (β=0·22, P<0·001) in multivariate linear regression models after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol and diet. In conclusion, ethnic origin influenced PTH, PTH response to low vitamin D levels and Ca levels in populations in Greenland. Recommendations are to evaluate mechanisms underlying the ethnic influence on Ca homoeostasis and to assess the impact of transition in dietary habits on Ca homoeostasis and skeletal health in Arctic populations.

An algorithm for the computation of the solution to Laplace's equation in a 2-dimensional region is given in terms of equivalent sources on the boundary. The region may be of an arbitrary shape, and the boundary conditions may be an arbitrary combination of Dirichlet, Neumann and impedance types. The solution is obtained by a moment method, using either a step approximation to the source, or a piecewise-linear approximation. Point matching is used for testing the boundary conditions. Computer programs are available for the general problem, and some electromagnetic-field applications are discussed.List of symbols a, j8, y = arbitrary functions of c = solution to Laplace's equation V F, = potential from strip of uniform source on AC, A,-= length of element AC,-of curve C c = length variable along curve C g = conductivity k = constant Iji = elements of matrix [/] n = outward unit vector normal to curve C u = unit vector tangential to curve C w = complex function x, y -co-ordinates of point in space z -x + Jy = complex variable C = capacitance D = electric-flux density E = electric-field intensity H = magnetic-field intensity / = current J = current density P = power • P-, = pulse function Q -electric charge R = resistance V = constant potential Z o = characteristic impedance of a transmission line * denotes a complex conjugate

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Computer studies of the evolution of pulses in nonlinear single-mode fibers are presented. In the case of anomalous dispersion, the time-bandwidth product of the initial pulse is varied by imposing a linear frequency chirp. The pulse broadening resulting from chirp greatly exceeds the broadening caused by the loss. In the case of normal dispersion the evolution of an initially unchirped pulse is shown to depend critically on the loss. This fact is explained by the position of the chirp's maxima and minima relative to the pulse-amplitude distribution.