Mastitis brings on economic losses, declined milk production, uplifted treatment costs and accelerated culling in buffaloes. Also, being multi-etiological in nature, control of mastitis is challenging in dairy animals. Hence, knowing the risk factors governing clinical mastitis incidence in buffalo might help in minimizing its occurrence. So, the present study was undertaken in 96 adult Murrah buffaloes to investigate the effect of parity, period of calving, season of calving and level of milk production on incidence of clinical mastitis using logistic regression in SAS v 9.3. The data of mastitis incidence was collected over a period of eighteen years (1997–2014) from Health record register of Livestock Research Centre of the institute. The incidence of mastitis was maximum in second parity (7.65%) followed by parity five and above (7.41%). Parity and period of calving had significant effects (p < 0.05) on mastitis incidence. The odds ratio for incidence of mastitis of animals in parity (5 and above) was highest (3.832), in comparison to first lactation. The animals calving during the period (2004–2007), exhibited maximum incidence of clinical mastitis (14.75%). Higher mastitis incidence in higher parity animals may be due to the compromised immune system and widened teat canal. Therefore, proper management of animals especially for advanced pregnant animals is recommended for reducing incidence of mastitis.
GWAS helps to identify QTL and candidate genes of specific traits. Buffalo breeding mainly focused on milk production but its negative correlation with reproduction traits resulted in unfavourable decline in reproductive performance of buffalo. A genome wide scan was performed on a total of 120 Murrah buffaloes genotyped by ddRAD sequencing for 13 traits related to female fertility, production and growth. Identified 25 significant SNPs (P < 1x106) associated with Age at first calving (AFC), Age at first service (AFS), period from calving to 1st AI, Service period (SP) and 6 month body weight (6M). 15 genetic variants overlapped with different QTL regions of reported studies. Among the associated loci, outstanding candidate genes for fertility include, AQP1, TRNAE-CUC, NRIP1, CPNE4 and VOPP1 have role in different fertility traits. AQP1 gene expressed on different stages of pregnancy and in ovulatory phase. TRNAE-CUC gene related with AFC and no. of calving after 4 yrs of age. CPNE4 is glycogen content associated gene regulate muscle glycogen and upregulated in early pregnancy. NRIP1 gene have regulation over corpus luteum at pregnancy and control over ovulation and in mammary gland development. Objective to identify potential genomic regions and genetic variants associated with fertility related traits, milk production and growth traits and select most significant SNP which have positive effect on all the traits.
Context: Several epidemiological researches imply a link between exposure to A1 beta casein (BC) containing milk and the incidence of non-communicable diseases in humans. Many breeding policies support BC variants not releasing Beta Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7).Objective: Insilico network analysis was performed to determine the bioactive targets, pathways and diseases associated with A1 and A2 beta casein and BCM-7. Results:The analysis revealed 63 bioactive targets for A1 and A2 beta casein with 118 pathways and 30 diseases associated. There were no differences in bioactive targets between A1 and A2 beta casein. For BCM-7, 15 bioactive targets were identified, which were found to be associated with 18 pathways and 4 diseases. Conclusion:The results showed that the change in amino acid at the 67th position in A1 and A2 beta casein did not affect the bioactive targets. BCM-7 may be held responsible for adverse effects until challenged by clinical trials.
Goat milk is less allergic because concentration of milk proteins is lower than that of cattle milk. But we can't rule out the possibility of allergies from goat milk. This study is conducted to check whether goat milk is allergic and antigenic epitopes are found. Six major milk proteins were downloaded from public domain. CTL, HTL and B cell epitopes were detected and 1 to 5 epitopes from each type in each study proteins crossed threshold, hence proving goat milk would also be allergic. Further topmost epitope from each category and linkers were used to develop vaccine against goat milk allergy. The designed vaccine was of the length 371 amino acid residues and was demonstrated to be strong antigenic while being non-allergic and non-toxic. Molecular docking of the epitopes was done against TLR3 and TLR4 and found to be very well interacting with the epitopes which was indicated in negative binding energies.Further immuno simulations were done and found that the designed vaccine was able to stimulate production of immune molecules.18.4% of the children with cow-milk allergies were also allergic to camel milk, 63.2% of them to goat milk, and 15.8% to cow, goat, and camel milks. Keeping this in background, as a measure of prevention to goat milk allergy here we attempted to computationally design an active immunotherapy approach i.e., vaccination for goat milk allergy.
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