The freshwater rivers from Shiwalik Himalayas have abundant prawn resources of high economic value and play a major role in the livelihood of local fishermen. The present study aimed to determine the variation in prawn abundance explained by changes in water quality among three different streams (Gho Manhasa stream, Chadwal stream and Nagri stream). The highest abundance of prawns was found in the Gho Manhasa during the premonsoon season and lowest in the Chadwal stream during the monsoon season. Chadwal stream witnessed maximum anthropogenic activities resulting in the decline of the water quality affecting prawn fauna. Cluster analysis based on similarity in terms of prawn abundance revealed that the Chadwal stream is different from the other two streams whereas non-metric multidimensional scaling plot based on species abundance corresponding to different seasons and physiochemical parameters showed the water quality of the monsoon season of the Chadwal stream to be extremely different. Principal component analysis showed clear separation across various sites and seasons based on physicochemical parameters. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrate, chloride, calcium, magnesium and dissolved oxygen are significant parameters influencing the abundance of prawns. The population of Macrobrachiumdayanum and Macrobrachiumkistnense was very less in the Chadwal stream owing to unfavorable physicochemical parameters. Therefore, conservation measures are suggested which should be immediately implemented before the streams witness a further decline in their populations.

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Most of the college youth believe that the social networking sites and other streaming services facilitate the learning process. The purpose of the present research study was to assess the attitudes of college youth towards social networking sites and utilising other services such as YouTube etc. as tools for education. The sample for the study were selected randomly and included 180 college youth studying in Government Degree colleges of Jammu, India. Data were collected through survey method and self-prepared tool which was used to assess the attitude of college youth towards social networking sites and other services as a tool for education. Findings revealed that YouTube is used by a large number of users as compared to WhatsApp and Facebook. Majority of the undergraduate youth are using YouTube videos, WhatsApp messenger and LinkedIn for viewing and sharing educational content. It was also found that male college youth used more of LinkedIn and Twitter, while female college youth used more of Facebook, WhatsApp and YouTube. In addition to this, the study shows that no significant differences exist in the attitude and perceived impact of male and female students at the undergraduate level. However, they have equally shown positive and favourable attitude towards social networking.

Chromosomal studies and manual karyotyping are the aged techniques for determining the identity of a species on evolutionary scale; however, these techniques are simple, reliable and inexpensive to authenticate the existence of a particular species. In the present work, the chromosome complement and meiotic processes of a predatory bombardier beetle Pherosophus catoirai were investigated. This species presented 2n=35 as diploid chromosome number and the chromosomal formula was found to be 12m+8sm+12st+X0. Sex mechanism was X0 type with metacentric X chromosome. Y chromosome was absent in this species. Karyotype revealed small chromosomes except X chromosome which is found to be largest in the spermatogonial metaphase stage. Meiotic stages were pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase-I. Present study may find importance to analyse evolution of chromosomes in order Coleoptera particularly in family Carabidae.