It is important to know Rural Drinking Water is the item of State list but For improving the coverage of adequate and safe drinking water for drinking, cooking and other basic needs at the all time and in the each and every situation (even at the time of disaster) to the rural population or household. In this area Ministry of drinking water and sanitation provides technical & financial assistance through a Centrally Sponsored Scheme named 'National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP)'. The Program was launched on 01.04.2009 and restructured in November 2017 since the program was started in 1972-73 as accelerating rural water supply program. This study was conducted to review the scholarly article and reports to draw a conceptual structure about the scheme with the objective to know the basic fundamentals behind the program, to know the success rate of the program and to know about the barrier to achieving the ultimate goal of the program. A systematic approach was made in this article to capture and draw theoretical base about National rural drinking water program (NRDWP) on the basis of secondary sources. Data were collected from the periodicals, journal articles, governmental report (like as Comptroller and Auditor Journal of India's report) and nongovernmental reports (like different privately funded research institutions report). The present study attempts to portray the conceptual structure of NRDWP in the field of drinking water and sanitation management under the umbrella of sustainable development goal.
An investigation was executed to detect Colletotrichum truncatum (synonymous C. capsici) and C. coccodes in solo or as a disease complex through direct PCR (dPCR) in anthracnose-infected chili seeds. Direct PCR was performed with C. coccodes and C. truncatum-s specific markers and Tris-EDTA buffer aliquots (obtained from infected seeds soaked up to five hours) as source of template DNA. This method efficiently and specifically detected the respective species in seeds with minimum 2.5% infection, yielding species-specific ∼500 bp (C. truncatum) and ∼340 bp (C. coccodes) fragments without any non-specific amplification with other mycoflora. Further, the seeds used in the experiment were tested for their germination efficiency along with a complete set of dried seeds as control. Among the soaked seeds, germination frequency ranged between 50 (infected seeds) to 100% (healthy seeds) without any significant loss in germination, confirming the sustainability of the current protocol. We recommend the use of direct PCR from soaked seeds without prior DNA extraction as a cost-effective and quick method for detecting the pathogen directly from infected seeds in fields.
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