This study was carried out to investigate the immunomodulating activity of β-glucanwhich extracted from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.β-glucan of 225µg/ml wassupplemented in drinking water of broiler chicken vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus(NDV) vaccine. The parameters of the immunomodulating activity employed were the bodyweight, Phagocytic activity and determination of antibody titer to NDV vaccine. Chicks oneday old (120), were divided into four equal groups, G1 treated with β-glucan for six weeksand vaccinated with NDV vaccine; G2 treated with β-glucan for three weeks and vaccinatedwith NDV vaccine; G3 not given β-glucan but vaccinated with NDV vaccine (control group);while G4 was not treated with β-glucan and not vaccinated with NDV vaccine (secondcontrol). The results of the body weight indicated that; there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treated groups (G1 and G2) compared to the control groups (G3 and G4) at21,28 and 35 day of age. The results of phagocytic activity showed that treated group hadsignificantly (P< 0.05) higher clearance of carbon particles from blood circulation than did thecontrol groups; and the antibody titer to NDV showed significant differences (P<0.05)between treated and non treated groups at 14d and 28d. The data presented in this studycontribute for the first time in Iraq; that β –glucan given via drinking water to chicks from dayone for 35 days improves the immune responses and body weight.
The main objectives of this study was to determine the influence of soluble β-glucan extracted from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune response of broiler chickens reared under heat stress .β-glucan 225μg/ml was supplemented in drinking water to broiler chicken vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The parameters of the assessment of the immune response was the Heterophil / Lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress, determination of the serum antibody titer post vaccination with the NDV vaccine by ELISA test and Immunohistochemical detection of macrophages by using monoclonal antibodies (mouse antichicken macrophage KUL01). A hundred and twenty (120) Chickens one day old were divided into two equal groups; group under heat stress and group control; each group was divided into two subgroups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) containing thirty chicks. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. The stressed group exposed to heat stress (≃35ºC) starting from the third week of age upto the end of the experiment. While (Group 1) and (G3) chicks were supplemented with 225µg/ml of soluble β-glucan in drinking water from day 1 to the end of the experiment, while (G2 and G4) chicks were not supplemented. The result of Heterophil /Lymphocyte ratio indicates that there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference within heat stressed treated which showed an elevated H/L ratio at 21,28 and 35 days old. Also there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between groups that were treated with β-glucan (G1, G3) at 21, 28 and 32 days of age compared with a control non treated non stressed group (G4) at same periods. The results of antibody titer to NDV showed that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences among all groups at 7, 14 and 21 days of age, and the results of immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for duodenal and bursal macrophages labeled with KUL-01 mouse anti-chicken monocyte- macrophages monoclonal antibodies. Tissue sections of duodenum and bursa at 14 and 24 days old stressed and non-stressed groups treated with β-glucan showed a positive result (purple-brown staining macrophages) in G1 and G3 as compared with duodenal and bursal tissues of G2 and G4groups which showed no stained cells.
Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium causes systemic infection and gastroenteritis in human and animals. Polyphenols especially in grape seeds have immunomodulation anti-inflammatory effects and antimicrobial activities. The current study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of GSP on the amelioration of liver and intestinal tissues inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium in infected mice. The parameters which were used in this study, including that determention the histopathological changes in liver and intestinal paraffin embedded block tissue and cells apoptosis that confirmed by using Dead End™ Fluorometric (TUNEL System). The histopathological changes in the liver and intestinal tissues showed less changes with potent inflammatory response in the treated groups, that lead to the decreasing of pathological sings in liver and intestinal tissue and showed lower apoptotic activity.
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