7704 Background: Optimal preoperative treatment for stage IIB/III NSCLC remains a subject of controversy. According to the results of INT0139 trial (Albain KS et al in Proc ASCO 2005, abstr #7014), induction CRT appears to be superior to chemotherapy alone (CT) in terms of pathologic complete response (or microscopic residual foci, pCR), but increases postoperative (postop) mortality after pneumonectomy. Methods: Pts were selected through a multidisciplinary committee according to functional and resecability criteria. Induction treatment comprised 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks. RT delivered to the primary tumor and pathologic hilar and/or mediastinal nodes (CTV) with an extra-margin of 1 to 1.5 cm (PTV). A 3D 5-field technique was used for all patients with 8–25 MV photons. Concurrent CT regimen was Cisplatinum 20 mg/m2 and Etoposide 50 mg/m2 (PE), d1–5, d29–33. Surgery was performed 4 to 6 weeks after CRT completion in deemed resectable pts. Inoperable pts were referred for a 20 Gy boost ± 1 extra-cycle of PE. Results: From 1996 to 2005, 107 NSCLC pts received CRT (stage IIB-Pancoast 18, IIIA 58 and IIIB 31). One hundred pts received the whole 45 Gy+PEx2; 72 pts had a thoracotomy (pneumonectomy 21, lobectomy 45, bi-lobectomy 5, exploratory only 1). During the 3-month postop time, 5 pts (6.9%) died, 4 after pneumonectomy (R 3, L 1, 19%), 1 after lobectomy (2.2%); 34 pts had 1–3 significant complication(s) (mainly, arrhythmia 10, pneumonia 8 (lethal 1), prolonged air leak 7, fistula 4, empyema 4 (lethal 2), pulmonary embolism 3 (lethal 2)).A pCR was observed in 39.5% of 71 resected pts; mediastinal nodes were sterilized in 60.9% of 46 cN2 pts. Analysis of survival and predictive factors is ongoing. Conclusions: Surgery is feasible after induction chemo-RT, particularly (bi-)lobectomy, in stage IIB/III NSCLC pts but pneumonectomy carries an inacceptable risk of postop death (particularly, right pneumonectomy). CRT yields an encouraging pCR rate of 39.5%. No significant financial relationships to disclose.