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This study specifically examines the impact of different variables like extrinsic reward (Pay), intrinsic reward (Appreciation), training and expectancy on employee motivation and impact of employee motivation on job satisfaction and knowledge transfer. The general purpose of this study is to motivate employees. If employees are motivated, they will be satisfied by their jobs and if they are satisfied by their job then they will work hard to attain organizational goals and if goals are achieved then organization will get profit. The current research is descriptive in its nature. We select the sample from different sectors in Pakistan. We select the sample of 200 respondents from population for the collection of data and to check the response of different employees. For this purpose, we structured a self- administrated questionnaire and filled it from the right respondent for true results. We use Regression analysis in this study. This analysis is very important to check the confidence of the study from different respondents. Due to this analysis, we found that Pay and Appreciation are not directly effecting the employee motivation. Job satisfaction also has no direct link with employee motivation but training of employee, expectancy and knowledge transfer have direct relationship with employee motivation. These three variables help a lot to motivate an employee.

Objective: To find the moderating role of social support and creative coping, and the mediating role of cyberchondria in relationship between fear of coronavirus disease-2019 and stress in university students. Method: The correlational study was conducted at the Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, between May and September 2020, and comprised students regardless of gender and age from different public and private universities across Pakistan. Data was collected online using Fear of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Scale, Cyberchondria Severity Scale, Creative Coping Strategies Scale, Social Support Survey, Perceived Stress Scale and Perception of Academic Stress Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 205 subjects, 83(40.5%) were males and 122(59.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.22+/-1.84 years. Fear of coronavirus disease-2019 had significant positive relationship with cyberchondria, and cyberchondria had significant positive relationship with creative coping and academic stress (p<0.05). Social support had significant negative relationship with general stress (p<0.05). There was significant interaction among fear of coronavirus disease-2019, creative coping, social support and cyberchondria in predicting general stress (p<0.05). Fear of coronavirus disease-2019 alone did not predict stress (p>0.05), but it significantly predicted cyberchondria which, in turn, predicted stress (p<0.05). Creative coping and social support significantly moderated the relationship involving fear of coronavirus disease-2019, cyberchondria and general stress (p<0.05). The female subjects utilised more creative coping strategies, received more social support, and had higher levels of general stress compared to the males (p<0.05), while the male subjects had more mistrust on medical professionals (p<0.05). ---Continue

In the instance of emerging economies, this research examines the firms’ investment decision and leverage relationship. This study examines a sample Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms. Time period consists of six years from 2015 to 2020. To investigate the investment and leverage link Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression is used because of its more precise estimates than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Results reveal that leverage is negatively and significantly associated with the investment. In the case of Pakistan, this indicates that increased debt financing results in a decrease in company investment. Firms' investment decisions are also influenced by several other variables such as profitability, liquidity, and cash flows. Findings are in support of the corporate agency hypothesis, revealing that leverage plays a key role in the firm's growth. To solve the possible problem of endogeneity, the robustness of these results is cross-checked by using the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) method. The current paper adds to the existing body of knowledge in several ways. To begin, we contribute to the continuing discussion about whether corporate investment decisions are influenced by firm leverage. Second, in the context of emerging markets, we present an empirical study. Future research can be done with an evaluation between emerging and advanced countries, this study can be expanded across industry lines and at the country level. Because investment divergence from an ideal level is linked to the agency problem, these findings have important implications for corporate governance to protect shareholders' interests as well as in the context of emerging markets, this conclusion has significant implications.