Many factors are associated with illness of infant 0-6 months. The objective of this study is to know the association between exclusive breastfeeding and illness of infants 0-6 months in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from cross sectional survey of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, with a sample of 5,017 infant 0-6 months. Results showed the prevalence of infants who are exclusively breastfed was 30,24%, the prevalence of was 18.24%, the prevalence of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding infants was 19.57%, the prevalence of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 15,16%. Analyze of Cox regression show that crude prevalence ratio (PR) of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 1.29 (95% CI 1.13-1.48), and PR of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants adjusted by mother’s education level was 1,29 (95% CI 1.05-1.41). Conclusions, infants 0-6 months who are not exclusively breastfed have 1.29 times higher risk of getting illness compared with who receive exclusive breastfeeding, adjusted by mother’s education level. It is recommended to increassing efforts to give exclusive breastfeeding infants as early as possible until six months, with increassing knowledge of mother and commitment of stakeholder to completed equipment of early breastfeeding initiation. Abstrak Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sakit bayi, salah satunya pemberian air susu ibu (ASI). Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI terhadap riwayat sakit pada bayi 0-6 bulan di Indonesia, maka dilakukan penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei cross sectional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, dengan sampel sebanyak 5.017 bayi 0-6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi bayi 0-6 bulan yang mendapat ASI esklusif sebesar 30,24% dengan prevalensi sakit sebesar 18,24%. Prevalensi sakit pada bayi yang tidak diberikan ASI ekslusif sebesar 19,57%, sedangkan prevalensi sakit pada bayi yang diberikan ASI eksklusif sebesar 15,16%. Analisis regresi Cox menunjukkan bahwa rasio prevalensi kasar antara bayi sakit yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebesar 1,29 (95% CI 1,13-1,48). Rasio prevalensi antara bayi sakit yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan ibu sebesar 1,29 (95%CI 1,05-1,41). Kesimpulannya, bayi 0-6 bulan yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko sakit sebesar 1,29 kali dibandingkan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan ibu. Disarankan adanya peningkatan upaya pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi baru lahir sedini mungkin hingga enam bulan, dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu dan komitmen stakeholder melengkapi perlengkapan praktek inisiasi menyusui dini (IMD).
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