This essay considers Shakespeare through Aristotelianism and Thomism to explore Hamlet as a meditation on tyranny. Based on the classical model of tragedy as presented by Aristotle in his Poetics and further informed by his Ethics and Politics, the essay identifies the climax of the play in order to determine the playwright’s argument about what should have happened instead of what did—namely, the hero should have removed the tyrant Claudius when given the opportunity at Act 3, Scene 3. Shakespeare is deliberately and successfully upending the Aristotelian model, while yet fulfilling its definitions and expectations. The claim is further supported by Aquinas’s six conditions for the right use of anger and vengeance as found in his Summa Theologica. Hamlet’s choice not to act is highly significant—and ironically Shakespearean. The play’s treatment of tyranny may have been a call to action for Shakespeare’s contemporary audience.
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