The popularity and value of qualitative research has increasingly been recognized in health and pharmacy services research. Although there is certainly an appropriate place in qualitative research for other data collection methods, a primary benefit of the semi‐structured interview is that it permits interviews to be focused while still giving the investigator the autonomy to explore pertinent ideas that may come up in the course of the interview, which can further enhance understanding of the pharmacy service being assessed. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize methodological considerations and procedures for conducting semi‐structured interviews in pharmacy services research. In this article, we propose the Seven Steps to Conducting, Analyzing, and Reporting Semi‐Structured Interview Data (7S CARS‐SID) for Pharmacy Services Research. While many of the proposed steps can be applied to various qualitative methods and types of research, this narrative review intentionally focuses discussion on semi‐structured interviews and pharmacy services research. These seven steps along with the cited resources and applicable examples provide novice qualitative researchers with a step‐by‐step introductory guide to conducting qualitative pharmacy services research using semi‐structured interview methods. Finally, the 7S CARS‐SID for Pharmacy Services Research is intended to be a tool for assisting readers, reviewers, and editors of the Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy to better understand the methodology behind qualitative research papers using semi‐structured interview methods.
Background A paucity of studies exists that have assessed community pharmacy preferences of Spanish-speaking patients living in areas of the U.S. with rapidly growing Hispanic populations. The qualitative approach to this research affords a unique opportunity to further explore perceptions of the Spanish-speaking population. Objectives To identify perceptions of Spanish-speaking patients living in the U.S. with a focus on the care provided in community pharmacies, as well as to determine their satisfaction with community pharmacies. Methods Participants were recruited after weekly Spanish-speaking church services for approximately one month. Qualitative, semi-structured individual interviews to identify perceived unmet patient care needs were conducted in Spanish and transcribed/translated verbatim. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to summarize findings. A written questionnaire was administered to collect patient satisfaction and demographic information, summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Twelve interviews were conducted by the principal investigator. Primary themes included lack of insurance coupled with high medical care costs serving as a barrier for acquisition of healthcare, difficulty accessing timely and convenient primary care, perceived negative attitudes from pharmacy personnel, lack of Spanish-speaking healthcare providers, and the provision of verbal and written medication information in English. Conclusions The results of this study suggest a great need for healthcare providers, including pharmacists, to expand outreach services to the Spanish-speaking community. Some examples derived from the interview process include increasing marketing efforts of available services in the Spanish language, hiring Spanish-speaking personnel, and offering medical terminology education classes to Spanish-speaking patients.
Introduction Unintended pregnancy is a public health issue, with young women in their late teens and early 20s at highest risk. Multiple approaches to increasing contraception access have been implemented, including adoption of statewide pharmacist prescribing legislation in multiple states. Indiana does not currently have such legislation in place. The objective of this study was to identify how women at risk for unintended pregnancy in central Indiana perceive pharmacist prescribing of contraception. Study Design Qualitative, one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews. Methods Purposive, convenience sampling of eligible women 18 to 29‐years‐old who live in Indiana was used. Recruitment occurred via printed flyers placed in public locations that were not focused on health care, free classified online advertisements, and electronic flyers within Facebook social groups relevant to the study population. Interviews were conducted via telephone until thematic saturation was achieved. Participant demographics, baseline characteristics, current and past barriers to obtaining contraception, and perception of a pharmacist contraception prescribing model were collected. Interview transcripts were coded in an iterative manner with qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA, Version 12) until consensus was achieved. Results Fourteen women completed the study. Four primary themes emerged encompassing accessibility, communication, pharmacist attributes, and payment. Thirteen participants would personally utilize a pharmacist prescribing contraceptive service and all stated that this service would be beneficial for other women. Of those women expressing a preference (n = 7), a female pharmacist would be preferred for service delivery. Participants expressed concerns related to access by minors, skills and training of the pharmacist, and environment within the pharmacy. Conclusions Women in Indiana desire broader access to contraception. Efforts should be made at the individual pharmacist‐provider level and statewide to explore strategies to increase access. Resources should be allocated to the creation of protocols for pharmacist prescribing within Indiana and other states.
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