This study reports on a cross-national comparison of inclusion-oriented teacher-education programs. Canada and Germany have implemented inclusion in teacher education with the aim of improving inclusion in schools. Previous studies have shown the importance of latent characteristics of prospective teachers for the successful implementation of inclusion in schools and have pointed to the role of inclusion-oriented teacher education in developing these teacher characteristics. To measure potential changes in attitudes, intentions, concerns, and self‑efficacy, 132 student teachers from Germany and Canada were surveyed before and after a course about inclusive education. Internationally validated scales were used: Attitudes towards Inclusion Scale (AIS), Intention to Teach in Inclusive Classroom Scale (ITICS), Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale (CIES), and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scale (TEIP). The results of the German and Canadian groups differed: while significant changes in self-efficacy occurred between the first and second measurement points in both countries, the outcome for other factors varied. Significant changes in intentions to use inclusive teaching practices were found in Canada but not in Germany. The results are discussed in the context of the role of teacher-education programs in fostering inclusive teaching practices.
Open Source (OS) offers new ways of career for software developers. The article describes relevant competencies in a systematic structure along characteristic principles and challenges in Open Source projects. The results are based on a Grounded Theory content analysis of interviews with Open Source software developers, their project managers and human resource managers in Open Source software companies. Implications for future Human Resource Management in software companies are presented as an outlook. Zusammenfassung Open Source bietet für Software-Entwickler neue Wege der Karriere. Der Beitrag skizziert die hierfür notwendigen Kompetenzen in einer systematischen Struktur entlang von charakteristischen Merkmalen und Herausforderungen der Entwicklung in Open Source Projekten. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf Interviews mit Open Source Software Entwicklern, Entwicklungsleitern und Personalentwicklern in Open Source Unternehmen, die im Sinne eines Grounded Theory Ansatzes ausgewertet wurden. Handlungsempfehlungen für zukünftige Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen in Software Unternehmen bilden den abschließenden Ausblick.
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