Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência notificados por serviços de saúde brasileiros, em 2011-2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de dados secundários das notificações de violência contra pessoas com deficiência no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Resultados: Foram registrados 116.219 casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência no período. A maioria das vítimas era do sexo feminino (67%), branca (50,7%), na idade de 20 a 59 anos (61,6%), com deficiência mental (58,1%), sendo frequente a ocorrência de múltipla deficiência (15,9%), especialmente mental e intelectual. A violência autoprovocada correspondeu a 44,5% das notificações, enquanto a violência física foi a mais notificada (51,6%); em 36,5% das notificações, o provável agressor era um membro da família. Conclusão: A descrição dos casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência, notificados por serviços de saúde brasileiros, pode contribuir para a formulação e aprimoramento de políticas públicas voltadas a esse importante problema.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar como a Inteligência Artificial (IA) vem sendo utilizada para a pesquisa translacional no contexto da Covid-19. Foi realizada uma revisão rápida para identificar o uso de técnicas de IA na translação de tecnologias para o enfrentamento da Covid-19. Empregou-se estratégia de busca com base em termos MeSH e seus respectivos sinônimos em sete bases de dados. Dos 59 artigos identificados, oito foram incluídos. Foram identificadas 11 experiências que usaram IA para a pesquisa translacional em Covid-19: predição de eficácia medicamentosa; predição de patogenicidade do Sars-CoV-2; diagnóstico de imagem para Covid-19; predição de incidência de Covid-19; estimativas de impacto da Covid-19 na sociedade; automatização de sanitização de ambientes hospitalares e clínicos; rastreio de pessoas infectadas e possivelmente infectadas; monitoramento do uso de máscaras; predição de gravidade de pacientes; estratificação de risco do paciente; e predição de recursos hospitalares. A pesquisa translacional pode ajudar no desenvolvimento produtivo e industrial em saúde, especialmente quando apoiada em métodos de IA, uma ferramenta cada vez mais importante, sobretudo quando se discute a Quarta Revolução Industrial e suas aplicações na saúde.
Background Mortality from aggression in adolescents reflects one of the symptoms of the Brazilian social situation, which makes this population group vulnerable, exposing them to situations that determine their death in an early and violent way. This work contributes to the analysis of the temporal trend of adolescent mortality due to aggression throughout Brazil from 2000 to 2017. Methods A ecological design time series was carried out on the mortality rate of adolescents due to aggression in Brazil, from 2000 to 2017. Data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Ministry of Health of Brazil was used. Mortality rates were analyzed according to sex and age groups (10-14 and 15-19 years). The joinpoint regression method was used to calculate the annual trend in mortality rates. Results The mortality rate among female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years decreased from 1.81 to 1.74 deaths/100 thousand inhab., and in the group aged 15 to 19, increased from 6.64 to 7.87 deaths/100.000 inhab., from 2000 to 2017. The Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) of the rates showed a steady trend of mortality in the groups from 10 to 14 years (AAPC = -0.4; 95% CI -1.4-0.7) and 15 to 19 years (AAPC = 0.7; 95% CI -2.3-3.9). In males, the rate for the 10 to 14-year-old group increased from 4.56 to 6.64 deaths/100.000 inhab., and in the 15 to 19 year old group, increased from 73.06 to 122.78 deaths/100.000 inhab., from 2000 to 2017. The AAPC showed an upward trend in the groups between 10 and 14 years old (AAPC = 2.3; 95% CI % 0.2-4.4) and 15 to 19 years (AAPC = 2.8; 95% CI 2.1-3.5). In the 15 to 19-year-old group, the upward trend of the period between 2009 and 2017 stood out [Annual Percentage Change (APC) = 5.1; 95% CI 4.0-6.3)]. Conclusions This analysis can contribute with subsidies for the improvement of public policies and intersectoral actions that act on the vulnerabilities to which adolescents are exposed and that reduce the mortality rates due to aggressions. Key messages Mortality from aggression in adolescents aged 15-19 showed, in the female sex, an increase from 6.64 to 7.87 deaths/100.000 inhab., and in males, an increase from 73.06 to 122.78 deaths/100.000 inhab. The upward trend in the mortality rate in male adolescents aged 15 to 19 was highlighted in the period from 2009 to 2017 [Annual Percentage Variation (APC) = 5.1; 95% CI 4.0–6.3).
Background Violence has important consequences for the people who experience it, for families and for societies. It becomes an even greater challenge for disabled persons (DP), who face various kinds of barriers and suffer all kinds of discrimination, prejudice, stigma and oppression. This work aimed to analyze the panorama of violence against DP from the characterization of cases of violence reported in the Ministry of Health's Violence and Accident Surveillance System (Viva) by Brazilian's health services. The profile of the DP in violence's situation, the type of violence perpetrated against this people and the profile of the probable perpetrators of violence allow us to understand the context of vulnerability and exclusion to which the DP are immersed. Methods It conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of violence reported against DP between 2011 and 2017. To this end, it used the Pearson chi-square test, with a 95% confidence interval, to assess differences between proportions by sex. Results It showed that, in most of the reported cases, the victim is female (67%), white (50.7%; p < 0,001), adults (61.6%; p < 0,001) and mentally disabled (58.1%; p < 0,001). It highlighted the notification of physical violence (51.6%; p = 0,107), psychological/moral violence (23,0%; p < 0,001), neglect / abandonment (15,0%; p < 0,001) and sexual violence (12.2%; p < 0.001). The probable perpetrators are predominantly family and close partners (58,0%; p < 0.001). Conclusions It is concluded that there are enormous challenges related to the confrontation of violence against DP in Brazil, such as the dissemination of information on the subject. Thus, this work is intended to subsidize public policies to combat violence against DP from the knowledge of its panorama, in addition to supporting awareness raising actions among society, health professionals and public managers. Key messages The reported cases of violence against DP indicate predominantly female, white, adult and mentally disabled victims, occurrence of physical violence and by aggressor family members or close partners. The analysis of the panorama of violence against people with disabilities allows subsidizing actions and public policies to combat this type of violence.
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