No abstract

In addition to inducing lethal DNA damage in tumor and stromal cells, radiation can alter the interactions of tumor cells with their microenvironment. Recent technological advances in planning and delivery of external beam radiotherapy have allowed delivery of larger doses per fraction (hypofractionation) while minimizing dose to normal tissues with higher precision. The effects of radiation on the tumor microenvironment vary with dose and fractionation schedule. In this review, we summarize the effects of conventional and hypofractionated radiation regimens on the immune system and tumor stroma. We discuss how these interactions may provide therapeutic benefit in combination with targeted therapies. Understanding the differential effects of radiation dose and fractionation can have implications for choice of combination therapies.

No abstract

The influence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on tumor growth and response to therapy is becoming increasingly apparent. While much work has focused on the role of T cell responses in anti-tumor immunity, the role of B cells in solid tumors is much less understood. Tumor infiltrating B cells have been found in a variety of solid tumors, including breast, ovarian, prostate, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. The function of B cells in solid tumors is controversial, with many studies reporting a pro-tumor effect, while other studies demonstrate a role for B cells in the anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we discuss the prognostic ability of B cells in solid tumors as well as the mechanisms by which B cells can either promote or suppress anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, we review current therapeutic strategies that may target both pro- and anti-tumor B cells.