These findings suggest that the clinical manifestations of patients with GO may be changing over time in Europe.

In patients without GO at diagnosis, 15% will develop GO (13% mild, 2% moderate to severe) during subsequent treatment with ATD for 18 months. A predictive score called PREDIGO composed of four baseline determinants was better in predicting those patients who will not develop obvious GO than who will.

Our analysis did not demonstrate any impairment of lateral canthal stability or motility functions. Slight scar retraction was objectively confirmed in only one patient, allaying concerns about significant temporal hollowing. Given the good overall esthetic and functional results of this surgical technique, we advocate lateral wall decompression with resection of the orbital rim in GO patients with mild-to-moderate exophthalmos.

Though enlargement of the bony orbit by orbital decompression surgery has been known for about a century, surgical techniques vary all around the world mostly depending on the patient's clinical presentation but also on the institutional habits or the surgeon's skills. Ideally every surgical intervention should be tailored to the patient's specific needs. Therefore the aim of this paper is to review outcomes, hints, trends, and perspectives in orbital decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease regarding different surgical techniques.

Experience with the differential diagnosis of lacrimal gland illnesses is limited in daily practice due to their rarity. It is therefore of particular importance to have guidelines for the practitioner by which he can decide on the application of conservative or surgical therapy, and whether it is necessary to take a biopsy to clarify the diagnosis. There is a wide spectrum of possible illnesses which include systemic diseases, inflammatory disorders, neoplastic, benign and malignant tumors. When a pleomorphic adenoma cannot be excluded, biopsy is contraindicated and complete tumor excision with its capsule is necessary to prevent the possibility of malignant transformation and a negative effect on long-term prognosis. In this overview, special interest is placed on the typical clinical aspects and imaging features of lesions of the lacrimal gland fossa, their differential diagnosis and management.