Background To determine if following specific diets was associated with reporting behaviors that are consistent with disordered eating compared to non-diet-adherent athletes. We hypothesized that athletes adhering to specific diets were more likely to report disordered eating than those not following a diet. Methods One thousand female athletes (15–30 years) completed a comprehensive survey about athletic health and wellness. Athletes were asked to specify their diet and completed 3 eating disorder screening tools: the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care, and self-reported current or past history of eating disorder or disordered eating. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study measures and chi-squared tests assessed relationships between athletes’ dietary practices and their responses to eating disorder screening tools. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Two hundred thirty-four of 1000 female athletes reported adherence to specific diets. 69 of the 234 diet-adhering athletes (29.5%) were excluded due to medically-indicated dietary practices or vague dietary descriptions. Of the 165 diet-adherent athletes, 113 (68.5%) screened positively to ≥1 of the 3 eating disorder screening tools. Specifically, athletes practicing a low-carbohydrate diet were more likely to report disordered eating vs. athletes without dietary restrictions (80% vs. 41.8%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion Specific diet adherence in female athletes may be associated with reporting behaviors that are consistent with disordered eating. Health practitioners should consider further questioning of athletes reporting specific diet adherence in order to enhance nutritional knowledge and help treat and prevent eating disorders or disordered eating.
Objective: Research suggests a difference in sweet taste perception between non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, but limited research has examined sweet taste perception in relation to dietary intake of sweet products. Research Methods and Procedures: This cross-sectional study examined the association between race, sweet taste perception and sweet food, beverage, and sugar consumption in healthy, NHB and NHW adults. Seven-day food records were analyzed in Nutrition Data System for Research software. Intensity of sweet taste perception was tested and the general Labeled Magnitude Scale method was used to facilitate group comparisons. Independent T-tests, Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson correlations were used to assess associations. Results: Subjects were NHB (n=98) and NHW (n=90) adults, aged 41±1 years (mean ± SEM) with energy intake of 2271±53 kcals. BMI was higher in NHB than NHW (36±1 kg/m 2 vs. 32±1 kg/m 2 , p=0.048), but no differences were observed in age, energy consumption, or total sugar intake. Sweet taste perception rating ((median (IQR) NHB: 73.5(63.9-83.0), NHW: 52.1(46.4-57.7); p=0.001) and added sugar intake (NHB: 39.4g/1000kcal (36.3-42.4), NHW: 30.0g/1000kcal (26.7-33.4); p=<0.001) were greater in NHB. Perceived sweet taste intensity was positively associated with consumption of servings of sweet products among NHB (R 2 =0.057, p=0.018), but not NHW (R 2 =−0.012, p=0.314).
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