Context. Most of the massive star-forming galaxies are found to have 'inside-out' stellar mass growth modes, which means the inner parts of the galaxies mainly consist of the older stellar population, while the star forming in the outskirt of the galaxy is still ongoing. Aims. The high-resolution HST images from Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey (HDUV) and Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) projects with the unprecedented depth in both F275W and F160W bands are the perfect data sets to study the forming and formed stellar distribution directly. Methods. We selected the low redshift (0.05 < z spec < 0.3) galaxy sample from the GOODS-North field where the HST F275W and F160W images are available. Then we measured the half light radius in F275W and F160W bands, which are the indicators of the star formation and stellar mass. Results. By comparing the F275W and F160W half light radius, we find the massive galaxies are mainly follow the 'inside-out' growth mode, which is consistent with the previous results. Moreover, the HST F275W and F160W images reveal that some of the low-mass galaxies (< 10 8 M ⊙ ) have the 'outside-in' growth mode: their images show a compact UV morphology, implying an ongoing star formation in the galaxy centre, while the stars in the outskirts of the galaxies are already formed. The two modes transit smoothly at stellar mass range about 10 8−9 M ⊙ with a large scatter. We also try to identify the possible neighbour massive galaxies from the SDSS data, which represent the massive galaxy sample. We find that all of the spec-z selected galaxies have no massive galaxy nearby. Thus the 'outside-in' mode we find in the low-mass galaxies are not likely originated from the environment.

Conventional agriculture has important challenges to guarantee soil fertility and sustainable food production. Many agricultural soils in the world are degraded and multiple strategies are currently being developed to restore them. The study of beneficial soil microorganisms has attracted increasing interest due to their relevant role in sustainable agricultural development. The balance and maintenance of ecosystem services, such as biomass transformation, nutrient cycling, plant growth, and health, are directly dependent on soil microbial activity. Therefore, it is important to promote its establishment and propagation. An ancient technique that favors soil biodiversity is the production and application of compost. While numerous studies have focused on the benefits of plant cultivation, fewer studies have focused on the benefits for soil microbiota. The objective of this review was to elucidate the role of the microbiota in the composting process and its impact on soil microorganisms in agriculture. The review presents the advances in the knowledge and importance of microorganisms involved in the composting process and how compost promotes the maintenance and multiplication of beneficial microbial consortia and their ecosystem functions in agricultural soils, shifting towards a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.

We describe a complete, flux-density-limited sample of galaxies at redshift 0.8 < z < 1.3 selected at 16 μm. At the selection wavelength near 8 μm rest, the observed emission comes from both dust heated by intense star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the sample galaxies to local-galaxy templates reveals that more than half the galaxies have SEDs dominated by star formation. About one-sixth of the galaxy SEDs are dominated by an AGN, and nearly all of the rest of the SEDs are composite. Comparison with X-ray and far-infrared observations shows that combinations of luminosities at rest-frame 4.5 and 8 μm give good measures of both AGN luminosity and star formation rate. The sample galaxies mostly follow the established star-forming main sequence for z = 1 galaxies, but of the galaxies more than 0.5 dex above that main sequence, more than half have AGN-type SEDs. Similarly, the most luminous AGNs tend to have higher star formation rates than the main-sequence value. Galaxies with stellar masses >1011 M ⊙ are unlikely to host an AGN. About 1% of the sample galaxies show an SED with dust emission typical of neither star formation nor an AGN.