Contexte : la pratique de l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) au Québec est un acte médical pratiqué principalement aux soins palliatifs. Il découle d’une révolution éthique de la société québécoise face aux enjeux de la fin de vie. Toutefois, il existe très peu de données empiriques sur la pratique des infirmières en regard de l’AMM. But : produire une revue des écrits légaux, scientifiques et médiatiques abordant les phénomènes entourant l’expérience de la pratique des infirmières en soins palliatifs auprès des patients ayant demandé l’AMM au Québec. Méthode : la méthode de Burns, Grove, et Sutherland a permis d’analyser six études empiriques sur l’AMM au Québec, identifiées dans la base de données CINAHL, un texte législatif et 17 articles médiatiques documentant l’adoption de la loi encadrant l’AMM. Résultats : une loi stricte encadre cette pratique au Québec depuis 2015, et certains enjeux et événements sociaux ont récemment favorisé son élargissement. L’analyse de littérature empirique a permis d’identifier deux thématiques : 1). les dispositions des infirmières en regard de l’AMM et 2). leurs besoins de formation au sujet de celle-ci. Discussion et conclusion : on soulève la domination du modèle biomédical et l’effondrement du système sanitaire québécois, qui influent négativement sur les pratiques infirmières entourant l’AMM.
Anthropological research concerning the relationship between Haitian vodou and illness shows that vodou practitioners' explanatory models of illness contain two levels of causality. One presents the sick as victims of magical-religious procedures and illness as being the result of agents directed at the victims. The meanings for the origins of such illnesses are rooted in Haitian social reality, which Haitians perceive as dangerous and threatening. A certain representation of self and social reality underlies these illness models in vodou and in vodou-inspired Haitian folk knowledge. An anthropological analysis of illness must identify local meanings that may shed light on certain cultural constructions of illness, as can be achieved by examining explanatory models structured around origins, causes, disease agents and other sources of illness found in Haiti. But the analysis must go beyond local meanings and question the representation of self and of social reality that goes along with these models and makes them intelligible for Haitians. In doing so, we note that this representation is the result of a process of subjectivation that is bound up in power relations between Haiti and the West. A cultural approach to explanatory models of illness in vodou is incomplete without a critical anthropological approach that addresses the relations of domination to which Haiti has been subjected. This article draws on these two anthropological perspectives in analysing illness in Haiti. It demonstrates how a meaning-oriented micro-social analysis of illness can be combined with a critical, macro-social approach in medical anthropology.
It has often been noted that people with a severe illness endeavor to deepen their religious and spiritual practice and knowledge. It is generally accepted that spiritual and religious factors help sick people confront their suffering. The authors conducted a qualitative research on the role of religious and spiritual practices and knowledge among 10 cancer patients in Québec, Canada. Individual interviews focused on their illness experience confirmed that religion and spirituality can be present and contribute to coping when life is threatened. More precisely, the analyses of the place and use of these resources during the patient's illness showed that these resources contributed to an individual empowerment process that was undertaken in response to a biographic and existential disruption induced by the illness diagnosis. The sick people took advantage of religious and spiritual content in their quest for meaning and a cure, progressing from a stage of despair and powerlessness to a stage of hope, a critical analysis of the disease, and a better management and control of it and its evolution. This article describes how people suffering from cancer use and participate in religious and spiritual content. It demonstrates the contribution of this content to an individual empowerment process. The use of religion and spirituality constitutes a quest for self-mastery, an acquiring of power and control. We understand that religious and spiritual phenomena do not always prevent people from fighting against their suffering, limit their freedom, or systematically reduce people's viewpoints and worldviews.
Previous studies have reported a conflict between nurses' motivation to provide humanized care and practical requirements impeding them from doing so. This exploratory descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore nurses' perspectives on humanized care, the challenges they face, and, most importantly, their recommendations to overcome these barriers. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 17 auxiliary and registered nurses working in various health care units in a Canadian hospital. Participants demonstrated a good understanding of what humanized care covers and entails. They also described it as the very core of their profession and main source of job satisfaction. However, nurses reported that they are confronted with organizational barriers, mainly a lack of staff, the burden of administrative tasks, unsuitable physical environments or equipment, and little managerial support. Nurses stressed the need for a cultural change in managerial practices in order to be able to improve their provision of humanized care. Based on the findings, 4 structuring recommendations were identified: adopting an institutional policy promoting the implementation of humanized care, incorporating humanized care in nurses' tasks and procedures, improving participatory management, and ensuring adequate staffing.
Dominé par un paradigme bio-mécaniste, les systèmes de santé occidentaux souffrent d’un grand nombre de problèmes. L’un d’entre eux consiste tout particulièrement en un manque de considération de l’expérience vécue et de toute la complexité et l’épaisseur de sens qui la caractérisent. Évoquant alors ces problèmes, nous soulignons dans ce texte l’importance de plonger dans le vécu du sujet soigné, et de changer de point de vue sur son mal. À l’aide de quelques réflexions empruntées à Georges Canguilhem nous défendons ce point et proposons ensuite de nous inscrire dans une approche socio-phénoménologique inspirée des travaux d’Alfred Schütz afin d’élaborer une lecture qui puisse nous permettre de saisir les expériences vécues. Nous réhabilitons ainsi le sujet dans un prendre-soin à travers ses rapports au corps, au temps, aux autres et à l’espace, et à partir de référents identitaires qui donnent sens à son existence. L’ensemble de cette réflexion consiste en un essai de théorisation sur le prendre-soin qui va dans le sens de la collaboration professionnelle et de l’interdisciplinarité, et qui n’ignore pas la pratique concrète d’acteurs et de professionnels soucieux de personnes préoccupées par leur existence.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.