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Current breeding distributions and predicted range shifts under climate change in two subspecies of Black-tailed Godwits in Asia This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

The importance of the sowing method (broadcasting or burying) for seedling establishment, and the extent to which environmental conditions modulate differences between these sowing methods, are understudied. When seeds are buried, they may be exposed to soil conditions with higher moisture content than broadcast. This advantage may occur especially under drier soil conditions within a semiarid climate, such as with less precipitation, open sites, and in presence of herbaceous layer. In this study we conducted an experiment to compare the seedling establishment of 13 woody species between a buried sowing and broadcast, under different conditions of precipitation, shade, and herbaceous layer in a degraded semiarid grassland of central Chile. For each species, some seeds were sown by burying them to a depth of 1 cm and others were broadcast. Orthogonally, we applied two irrigation treatments to simulate a dry and a rainier year, two shade treatments simulating the canopy of woody plants and open sites (with vs. without), and two treatments of herbaceous layer (without vs. with). Establishment was monitored for 10 months between July 2016 and March 2017. Species richness of established seedlings was greater when seeds were buried than broadcast under all environmental conditions. The seedling density per species was greater when seeds were buried than broadcast in nine species, although in some cases this depended on environmental conditions. We conclude that, burying seeds of woody species is more effective and can be a widely applicable restoration method for different environmental conditions and species in semiarid ecosystems.

Based on the niche conservatism hypothesis, i.e. the idea that niches remain unchanged over space and time, climatic niche modelling (CNM) is a useful tool for predicting the spread of introduced taxa. Recent advances have extended such predictions deeper in time for plant species dispersed by humans before the modern era. The latest CNMs successfully evaluate niche differentiation and estimate potential source areas for intriguing taxa such as archaeophytes (i.e., species introduced before 1492 AD). Here, we performed CNMs for Acacia caven, a common Fabaceae tree in South America, considered an archaeophyte west of the Andes, in Central Chile. Accounting for the infraspecific delimitation of the species, our results showed that even when climates are different, climatic spaces used by the species overlap largely between the eastern and western ranges. Despite slight variation, results were consistent when considering one, two, or even three-environmental dimensions, and in accordance with the niche conservatism hypothesis. Specific distribution models calibrated for each region (east vs west) and projected to the past, indicate a common area of occupancy available in southern Bolivia—northwest Argentina since the late Pleistocene, which could have acted as a source-area, and this signal becomes stronger through the Holocene. Then, in accordance with a taxon introduced in the past, and comparing regional vs continental distribution models calibrated at the infraspecific or species level, the western populations showed their spread status to be mostly in equilibrium with the environment. Our study thus indicates how niche and species distribution models are useful to improve our knowledge related to taxa introduced before the modern era.

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Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en cirugía de urgencia de divertículo de Meckel en pacientes mayores de 15 años en un hospital terciario de la Región Metropolitana.Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo y descriptivo, en el cual se analizan las intervenciones quirúrgicas de urgencia realizadas entre marzo de 2010 y marzo de 2021.  Mediante búsqueda de registros de pabellón y ficha electrónica.Resultados: Dentro del período analizado se obtuvo 14 pacientes con diagnóstico postoperatorio y/o hallazgo de divertículo de Meckel. En un 78% se resecó el divertículo de Meckel, 100% de los divertículos resecados corresponden a casos complicados. Desde el año 2018, un 75% del abordaje fue mínimamente invasivo, con un 14% de conversión a cirugía abierta. El tipo de resección del divertículo fue un 77% en su base a través de sección con stappler o sutura manual, La ubicación media del divertículo de Meckel fue 77 cm. Un 14% de los pacientes requirieron reoperación por filtración anastomótica. No hubo mortalidad.Discusión: A diferencia de algunas series, en nuestro estudio existe una mayor proporción de abordaje mínimamente invasivo y mayor cantidad de resección en base del divertículo con resultados aceptables.Conclusión: El presente estudio, presenta una población de 14 pacientes con hallazgo de divertículo de Meckel complicado, a partir de los hallazgos de la cirugía en contexto de urgencias; se cumple el objetivo del estudio de caracterizar en un período de 11 años los resultados quirúrgicos de dicha serie, algo no reportado previamente en la literatura chilena.

Water scarcity and salinity pose significant challenges for agriculture in the Galapagos Islands, severely limiting crop yields needed to sustainably meet the growing demands of the human population in the archipelago. To address this issue, environmentally friendly water-saving technologies such as Hydrogel and Groasis Growboxx were considered to be potential solutions. This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of Hydrogel application on five crops: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea), Cucumber (Cucumis melo), Pepper (Capsicum annuum), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), from 2017 to 2018. The experiment stopped due to the pandemic in 2019–2020. When the study continued in 2021, Growboxx® was introduced as a treatment for Pepper and Tomato. This study revealed that the application of Hydrogel resulted in enhanced yields, with the degree of improvement varying across different crops and cultivation periods. Notably, when comparing Hydrogel and Growboxx treatments, differences of up to 30% in fruit weight were observed. However, it is important to note that these results can vary in different environments. For example, in Tomato cultivation, Growboxx exhibited 10% higher fruit weight in San Cristobal compared to Santa Cruz Island. Our findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the Galapagos Islands, offering crop-specific guidance to support informed decisions on adopting the most appropriate technologies for their farms.

El presente trabajo investiga sobre la incorporación de los resultados de investigación en didáctica de las ciencias en las clases de las asignaturas disciplinares de los Profesorados de Física de Nivel Superior de la Provincia de Córdoba. La información se obtiene de las respuestas a un cuestionario por parte de los docentes encargados de los espacios disciplinares de física de los Institutos de Enseñanza Superior de la Provincia de Córdoba y de entrevistas focales a cuatro de ellos. Del análisis es posible advertir que: 1) los docentes reconocen algunas potencialidades de abordar la Naturaleza de la Ciencia en la enseñanza, pero estos contenidos siguen teniendo un lugar secundario en las propuestas. 2) Los docentes dicen frecuentemente problematizar el contenido utilizando múltiples recursos. 3) Los trabajos prácticos de laboratorio como investigaciones son usados con poca frecuencia. En general los docentes utilizan los laboratorios como experiencias demostrativas o para ilustrar la teoría. 4) Los docentes mencionan que usualmente fomentan la participación de los estudiantes y sus aportaciones son escuchadas, pero pocas veces se promueven instancias desde las cuales surjan nuevos aprendizajes a partir del trabajo en pequeños grupos. Finalmente, 5) En relación a la frecuencia con la que los docentes trabajan desde las ideas previas de los estudiantes, se ha encontrado que existen dificultades semánticas sobre qué es una idea previa o un modelo alternativo y lo que es un conocimiento normativo no aprendido