Use of prescription drugs and DS was a common occurrence. Doping knowledge was poor and biased, and its relationship with drug use deserves consideration. Educational interventions are needed to improve knowledge and awareness about prescription drugs and DS use, as well as about doping.

Many discrete-time pure birth processes are symmetrical in the following sense: The probability that the process is in a fixed state is independent of the sequence of transitions inducing . This is always the case whenever a transition is a time-dependent or a state-dependent random variable or the product of such independent variables. We use this property in order to derive algebraic descriptions in terms of symmetric polynomials. Besides new solutions, our approach offers a uniform point of view on a large class of often considered distributions.

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