This study explored the potential of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) total soluble proteins to release bioactive peptides exhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidative, and antibacterial activities. The total soluble proteins were extracted from the ground, defatted nut using 0.010 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 6.8. The extracted proteins were hydrolyzed at different time intervals using trypsin and chymotrypsin. Hydrolysates of the total soluble proteins at 24 h digestion time exhibited the highest ACE-inhibition activity of 76.67 ± 0.10% and 70.83 ± 0.00% for chymotrypsin and trypsin digestion, respectively. The 24 h enzymatic hydrolysates were further fractionated in RP-HPLC using a C18 Vydac column. The C1 fraction from the 24 h chymotryptic hydrolysates and T2 from the 24 h tryptic hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACEinhibition activities with an IC50 value of 147.7 ± 0.8 and 148.7 ± 0.6 µg/mL, respectively. The 24 h chymotryptic and tryptic hydrolysates also exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 83.7 ± 1.1% (EC50 = 356.5 ± 1.0 μg/mL) and 80.4 ± 0.2% (EC50 = 402.7 ± 1.1 μg/mL), respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the 24 h chymotryptic and tryptic hydrolysates were found to be 22.8 ± 1.0 and 16.6 ± 3.7%, respectively. However, the 24 h tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against the gram-negative Escherichia coli and grampositive Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the total soluble proteins of pistachio nuts were found to contain peptides exhibiting ACE-inhibition and antioxidative activities upon hydrolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin.
Pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.), an indigenous tree found in the
Philippines, is highly regarded for its fruit due to its high economic
value. During processing, the pulp is often discarded as waste but
contains considerable amounts of oil and bioactive minor lipid
components. The present study explored the antioxidant and antibacterial
properties of saponified diethyl ether extract of pili pulp oil and
relate this activity to the nature of compounds present in the extract
thru GCMS. The extract indicated the elution of 18 major compounds which
are mostly cyclic triterpenic (α- and β-amyrin, lupenone β-amyrone) and
phytosterol (β-sitosterol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol) class of
compounds. Characterization of the bioactivity of the extract showed
high antioxidant activities measured by DPPH radical scavenging and
lipid peroxidation inhibition activities that were comparable with that
of α-tocopherol. Moreover, an observed bacteriocidal activity was
demonstrated by the extract against E. coli and S. typhi with MIC values
of 40 and 35 µg/mL, respectively. The observed bioactivity of the pili
pulp oil extract can be attributed to these compounds which has high
potential for the development and utilization in the food sector.
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