Deficiency of vitamin E, zinc, fat, calcium, and vitamin C, and excess of calories and carbohydrate were associated with increased risk of preeclampsia.
One of the government’s efforts through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2010 in reducing the infantmortality rate in Indonesia is improving infants nutrition and promote exclusive breastfeeding early breastfeedinginitiation. Early initiation of breastfeeding has many benefits for both mother and baby. This study aimed to comparemeconium spending time and meconium color change and the incidence of physiologic jaundice in infants whoreceived and did not receive early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). This study was a cross sectional analytical studyconducted at the Achmad Mochtar Hospital Bukittinggi. Forty-two maternity patients divided into two groups thatprovide IMD and unprovide IMD group to her baby. In each group assessed first meconium spending time in minutes,the time change meconium original colour of dark green to yellow and counted since birth in hours and the incidenceof physiologic jaundice in infants. All babies kept getting breastfeeding. There were no significant differences in themean time the first meconium spending time in both groups (131.42 minutes and 163.33 minutes, p> 0.05). There aresignificant differences in the mean time meconium colour changes from dark green to yellow (50.14 hours and 94.36hours, p <0.05). Early initiation of breastfeeding also lowers the incidence of physiological jaundice were significantly(p <0.05). Early initiation of breastfeeding did not affect spending time first meconium but accelerate meconiumcolor changes from dark green to yellow. Early initiation of breastfeeding also lowers the incidence of neonataljaundice.
Maternal health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. World Health Organization (WHO) record every day in 2017 about 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Between 2000-2017, the maternal mortality ratio dropped by about 38% worldwide, but 4% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries. Persistent occiput posterior (OP) is associated with increased rates of maternal and newborn morbidity. Cesarean delivery is higher (3 times greater risk of death) maternal morbidity and mortality than vaginal delivery and also costs more than normal childbirth. Forceps extraction is one of the operative obstetric actions that aims to help childbirth through normal childbirth. This is done for all conditions that threaten the mother and fetus that have indications to undergo childbirth. the use of forceps techniques, will assure successful, safe, and steady performance of forced delivery. Therefore, obstetric forceps should be inherited of skills to the trainee at this time. Therefore, it is reasonable for the standards establishing the proper position for forceps delivery to vary between experienced and inexperienced operators. The first priority is safe and secure implementation of the procedure.
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