Memory and I/O performance bottlenecks in supercomputing simulations are two key challenges that must be addressed on the road to Exascale. The new byte-addressable persistent non-volatile memory technology from Intel, DCPMM, promises to be an exciting opportunity to break with the status quo, with unprecedented levels of capacity at near-DRAM speeds. Here, we explore the potential of DCPMM in the context of two high-performance scientific applications in terms of outright performance, efficiency and usability for both its Memory and App Direct modes. In Memory mode, we show equivalent performance and better efficiency for a CASTEP simulation that is limited by memory capacity on conventional DRAM-only systems without any changes to the application. For IFS, we demonstrate that a distributed object-store over NVRAM reduces the data contention created in weather forecasting data producer-consumer workflows. In addition, we also present the achievable memory bandwidth performance using STREAM.
This review highlights recent advances in the field of biocompatible chemistry. It focusses on the combined use of non-enzymatic catalysis and microbial metabolism to support cellular function and to synthesise high value chemicals.
Research exploring American Indian (AI) youth drinking motives and their relation to negative outcomes is critical due to higher rates of alcohol use and early exposure to intoxication in the population. The purpose of this study is to explore classes of drinking motives as they relate to heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, religious importance, ethnic identity, and ethnic pride. This study is part of an ongoing epidemiologic and etiologic investigation of substance use among AI youth drinkers living on or near reservations (n ϭ 1,934, M age ϭ 15.31). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to discern latent classes of drinking motives. Once latent classes were identified, differences in perceived discrimination, ethnic pride, ethnic identity, religious importance, and heavy episodic drinking were tested. A 2-class solution provided the best overall model fit to the data. The higher coping and enhancement motive class was associated with significantly greater heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, and ethnic identity compared with the low motive class. Further, the class structure did not differ between 7th and 8th graders and 9th-12th graders. Results indicate that among AI youth, the class with strong motives to drink for coping or enhancement had higher ethnic identity, greater risk of heavy episodic drinking, and greater perceived discrimination compared with the class with low motives. Future research should examine additional factors and stressors that may be associated with these classes of drinking motives and are unique to the AI population.
The /-sum rule, relating effective masses to oscillator strengths, is extended to semiconducting superlattices and applied to GaAs-(Ga,Al)As and HgTe-CdTe. This novel approach is implemented analytically by use of the envelope-function approximation to calculate both parallel and perpendicular masses and is used to account for their difference physically. Agreement with experiment is excellent, but in HgTe-CdTe only if the valence-band offset is small.
On p. 1515, the following sentence "However, we emphasize that the TV-electron energies calculated in this paper do not include all exchange-correlation effects arising from our model electron-electron interaction" should have read "However, we emphasize that the TV-electron energies calculated in this paper do include all exchange-correlation effects arising from our model electron-electron interaction/' A paraphrased version of this sentence appeared correctly earlier in the text on p. 1513.
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