The accelerated progression of alcoholism, or telescoping, was examined among women alcoholics. Three aspects of telescoping in women were examined: the age of onset of four landmark symptoms, the number of years between landmark symptoms, and the number of symptoms occurring within each interval between landmarks. Women alcoholics were found to report a significantly shorter interval between the age at which they first began experiencing alcohol-related problems and the time they sought treatment than did male alcoholics.

A classiflcation system of dual relationships is presented. Dual relationshlps are conceptualized as not being inherently harmful or unethical. Options available to persons involved in dual relationships are discussed.

The Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL) was administered to a group of 118 elderly persons from three senior citizen centers. Data were obtained on religious denomination. Results suggested that whether a person was Protestant or Catholic had no significant effect on PIL scores, with mean scores almost identical. What seemed to be important was how meaningful spirituality was to the person. Those who scored high on an index of spirituality also scored high on the PIL.

The authors investigated whether students receiving short-term individual counseling at a university counseling center showed progress as evidenced by perceived client and counselor outcomes and the roles that client readiness to change and working alliance played in this setting. The results indicated that the counselor reports, not the client reports, reflected statistically significant change in client symptoms. Changes in symptom severity were not associated with working alliance and readiness to change.