The purpose of this study was to explore athletes’ perceptions and experiences of resilience. Ten high-level athletes were interviewed regarding the most difficult adversities that they had ever had to overcome in sport. Richardson and colleagues’ (Richardson, Neiger, Jensen, & Kumpfer, 1990) resiliency model served as a guiding theoretical framework in the process of data collection and analysis. Inductive analysis (Patton, 2002; Thomas, 2006) was used to explore the data for key themes and patterns of relationships. Five general dimensions emerged that described the resilience experience of the athletes. These dimensions include breadth and duration, agitation, sociocultural influences, personal resources, and positive outcomes. A conceptual model of the resilience process as experienced by the athletes in this study is presented as a preliminary framework for future studies of resilience in sport.
Much like the Greek mythological figure Adonis, male athletes with hypermuscular and hyperlean physiques embody the ultimate form of masculinity (A. Furnham, N. Badmin, & I. Sneade, 2002). However, the use of pathogenic weight-loss behaviors and performance-enhancing substances indicate that male athletes are often dissatisfied with their bodies and perhaps view themselves as more like Hephaestus, the only Greek god depicted as physically weak and unattractive (A.
Objective: This study replicates and extends the work of Gucciardi and colleagues (2011) in relation to the validity of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC;Connor & Davidson, 2003) in sport. Three primary aims were explored: 1) Examine the factor structure and fit of three versions of the CD-RISC: the original 25-item CD-RISC, both as a 25-item five factor scale and as a 25-item unidimensional scale, and the 10-item CD-RISC-10; 2) examine gender invariance of the best fitting version of the CD-RISC; and 3) examine the validity of the best fitting CD-RISC by relating it to affect and performance anxiety in a sample of competitive American distance runners (N= 409).Design: Cross-sectional.Methods: Multiple self-report questionnaires were delivered through an online medium.Results: Using confirmatory factor and item level analyses, the CD-RISC-10-item scale was psychometrically superior to the unidimensional 25-item and the five factor 25-item CD-RISC versions. The CD-RISC-10-item exhibited measurement invariance for gender, with significant configural, strong, and weak analyses. Using structure equation modeling, the CD-RISC-10-item scale moderately and positively correlated with positive affect and was inversely related to negative affect and performance anxiety, establishing convergent and divergent validity.
Conclusion:The findings support Gucciardi and colleagues' 2011 findings that the CD-RISC-10 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess resilient qualities in sport.
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