Additive Manufacturing has made significant progress for numerous applications, especially in the automotive industry. Various approaches have been developed to improve and expand its application throughout the manufacturing line and produce reliable and suitable components for automotive applications. A brief overview of different 3D printing methods and materials currently used in the automotive industry is covered in this review. The advantages and drawbacks it brings to the industry, and material developments for 3D printing application for automotive is presented. The future outlook is given, and challenges that are needed to be addressed are discussed.
Recently, a simple screening technique based on the quantitative evaluation of the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) sensitivity of the metallic materials using an in-situ small-punch (SP) test method was developed by the author group. The in-situ SP test can be easily carried out even under a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment. It makes possible to investigate the HE behaviors of metallic materials quantitatively adopting as a characterizing performance factor of the relative reduction of thickness (RRT) measured at the fractured parts of specimen after SP tests. In this paper, the application of the newly established in-situ SP test method for the hydrogen compatibility screening of austenitic stainless steels was performed at room and low temperatures. The influence of punch velocity on RRT of the HE sensitivity was examined for various austenitic stainless steels. Their HE sensitivities were evaluated quantitatively using RRT and checked by comparing to a factor, the relative reduction of area (RRA) obtained by SSRT tests.
A simple screening technique of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of steels for hydrogen energy facilities using an in-situ small-punch (SP) test method under external hydrogen condition has been established. Using this method, we investigated the HE behaviors of API X70 steel welds under test conditions mimicking pipeline operating environments. The HE sensitivity at each region of the base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal of the steel weld was examined qualitatively and quantitatively and compared to one another. Under 8 MPa H2 gas, the welds showed pronounced HE: the HE behaviors induced were similar across all tested regions. This shows that the in-situ SP test is effective for screening HE susceptibility of pipeline steel welds in high-pressure hydrogen environments.
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