Saline water represents an inexhaustible source of water for hydrogen production from electrolysis. However, direct saltwater splitting faces challenges due to chlorine evolution at the anode and the development of...
Thermally regenerative ammonia batteries (TRABs) are electrochemical energy conversion devices that convert low-grade waste heat into electrical power. To date, reported TRABs have suffered from poor performance due to their reliance on dissolution and deposition redox reactions with transition metals. Here we present a new TRAB chemistry that uses ligands to stabilize aqueous Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions, thereby creating the first reported all-aqueous TRAB. Rotating disc electrode studies were conducted to evaluate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of prospective anolyte and catholyte chemistries. The use of NH 3 (aq) and Br − (aq) ligands resulted in a cell potential difference of 695 ± 2 mV with rate constants of 101 ± 5 μm s −1 and 819 ± 236 μm s −1 , respectively. Single-cell tests achieved power densities up to 350 W m −2 which are the highest reported for single metal TRABs at 25 °C. Coulombic efficiencies exceeded 90% and their energy storage densities were two to four times of those reported for alternative TRAB chemistries.
A direct frequency measurement has been made on the 70.5 mu m wavelength line of the methyl alcohol optically-pumped laser by 43rd-harmonic mixing with a klystron using a point-contact Josephson junction. It was possible to phase-lock the klystron to the laser. The centre frequency of the emitted radiation when the CO2 pump laser (9.68 mu m, P(34)) was tuned near the absorption line centre was found to be 4251 674.0+or-0.7 MHz. This result is about 5 MHz higher than an earlier published result by Petersen et al. (1975). A result is also given for the frequency of the 118-8 mu m wavelength line in methyl alcohol.
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