The aminoglycoside, aminosidine exhibited ED50S of between 1 and 5 microM against the amastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in mouse peritoneal macrophages whereas other strains causing New World cutaneous leishmaniasis such as Leishmania braziliensis were more refractory. Aminosidine was also active against all but one of the Leishmania donovani strains tested and when combined with sodium stibogluconate, the drug showed marked potentiation against the amastigotes of L. donovani in vitro and an additive effect in experimentally infected BALB/c mice.
Following previous studies of verapamil reversal of chloroquine resistance in malaria and multi-drug resistance in cancer cells, the effect of verapamil was investigated on nifurtimox-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo. Verapamil alone was not active against either parasite, but in combination with nifurtimox it reversed the drug resistance of T. cruzi and in combination with sodium stibogluconate reversed the drug resistance of L. donovani.
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