H o 3 + / P r 3 + co-doped A l F 3 -based glass fibers were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method based on the matrix glass composition of A l F 3 − B a F 2 − C a F 2 − Y F 3 − S r F 2 − M g F 2 − L i F − Z r F 4 − P b F 2 . Under the pump of a 1150 mW Raman fiber laser, a 2.9 µm laser was observed in a 19 cm long H o 3 + / P r 3 + co-doped A l F 3 -based glass fiber with an output power of 173 mW and a slope efficiency of 10.4%. H o 3 + / P r 3 + co-doped A l F 3 -based glasses were fabricated to investigate the deactivation effects of P r 3 + ions on the H o 3 + : 5 I 7 level. Our results showed that the H o 3 + / P r 3 + co-doped A l F 3 -based glass fibers are potential gain media for ∼ 2.9 µ m lasers.
Circadian dysregulation associates with numerous diseases including metabolic dysfunction, sleep disorder, depression and aging. Given that declined circadian amplitude is a trait commonly found with compromised health, interventions that design in precluding circadian amplitude from dampening will aid to mitigate complex, circadian-related diseases. Here we identify a neurogenic small molecule ISX-9 that is able to support persistent and higher amplitude of circadian oscillations. ISX-9 improves diurnal metabolic rhythms in middle-aged mice. Moreover, the ISX-9-treated mice show better sleep homeostasis with increased delta power during the day time and higher locomotive activity in the dark period. ISX-9 augments CaMKIIδ expression and increases BMAL1 activity via eliciting CaMKIIδ-mediated phosphorylation on BMAL1 residues S513/S515/S516, accordingly composes a positive feedback effect on enhancing circadian amplitude. CaMKIIδ-targeting, and the use of ISX-9 may serve as decent choices for treating circadian-related disorders.
A room-temperature watt-level continuous-wave-output power mid-infrared fiber laser operating at λ ∼ 3 µ m is demonstrated using a H o 3 + / P r 3 + co-doped A l F 3 based glass fiber as a gain fiber. This fixed-wavelength laser had maximum output power of 1.13 W with a slope efficiency of 10.3% and a long-term operating stability of > 40 min without any additional packaging or active thermal management. A fiber laser with tunability from 2.842 to 2.938 µm showed a maximum output power of 110 mW.
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