A fast, practical, and economical design method of reinforce concrete beam with single layer of reinforcement will be provided. The simple beam reinforced concrete will be analiyzed to provide a new method. This article introduces a new graphical method for designing reinforce concrete beam. The input parameters applied by this method are span lenght (L), ultimate uniform load (qu), concrete strength (f`c), and yield strength of reinforcement (fy). And the parameter results are the dimensions of the beam cross-section (B and H) and the reinforcement ratio (ρ), which can be converted into specific diameters and reinforcement amount. The design results obtained by graphical method will be verified by mathematical calculations based on the concrete structure code SNI 03-2847-2019. Designing a single layer of reinforcement concrete beam using a graphical method provides high accuracy.
The use of steel fiber in concrete material can improves both the strength and the ductility of concrete. The fibers can postpone or mitigate the concrete cover spalling under severe loading conditions such as during an earthquake. In this paper, the behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) under compression is modeled using the Attard and Setunge’s stress-strain model. The parameter identification consisted of the elastic modulus (Ec), the peak strength (/cc), the residual strength (fes), and the peak strain of concrete under compression (ecc). From the investigation, it is found that the models proposed for active confined concrete can be applied for steel fiber reinforced concrete. It was also shown that the axial strain at peak stress increases as the fiber volumetric ratio and fiber aspect ratio increased. A simple formula to predict the approximate value of confining pressure to account for the steel fiber presence is proposed. The verification of the proposed model with the experimental results is presented in detail. Furthermore, insight into the performance of the reinforced concrete column made of SFRC using the fiber-based cross-sectional analysis is sighted.
Stress-strain relationship is the main parameter to identify the strength, ductility and behavior of the structure. Various constitutive models were created in order to simplify the analytical approach of concrete behavior. In this paper, the behavior of reinforced concrete column is modeled using Attard and Setunge�s (1996) and Mander�s (1988) stress-strain constitutive model. The appropriate model for reinforced concrete column was determined based on the existing experimental data. Two-dimensional simulation of reinforced concrete column using fiber-based cross-sectional analysis in MATLAB is sighted. And the performance of the reinforced concrete column from the experimental data is compared with the analysis result from the simulation. There are two comparation methods used in this research. The first method is to compare the linear regression with the reference line. The smallest degree between the linear regression and the referrence line is expected. The second method is to compare the Root Mean Square Defiation (RMSD) value. The smallest RMSD value is expected to get the most suitable constitutive model compared to the experimental data. From the computational process, it was found that Mander�s Constitutive model is preferaed to be used in further analysis problem concerning reinforced concrete column
The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is one of the roads that has a high level of vehicle density so that it appears that it has experienced traffic jams several times. This is also coupled with the presence of side barriers such as vehicles in and out. So that the Trosobo-Kletek Highway section often experiences traffic jams that occur not only at certain hours, because on this road section there are many factory areas. The important role of this road resulted in a decrease in the level of service. Based on this, it is necessary to monitor the quality of a road segment based on the level of service. In this study, the PKJI 2014 was used to calculate the road performance. As for some of the data needed such as traffic volume, road geometry, and vehicle speed. The analysis carried out is the calculation of Road capacity, peak hour volume, degree saturation, free flow speed, and level of service index. The results of the research conducted during the four days of the survey and the calculations that have been carried out is level of service in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto is E and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is F.
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