This paper discusses consensus control of nonlinear coupled parabolic PDE-ODE-based multi-agent systems (PDE-ODEMASs). First, a consensus controller of leaderless PDE-ODEMASs is designed. Based on a Lyapunov-based approach, coupling strengths are obtained for leaderless PDE-ODEMASs to achieve leaderless consensus. Furthermore, a consensus controller in the leader-following PDE-ODEMAS is designed and the corresponding coupling strengths are obtained to ensure the leader-following consensus. Two examples show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Global poverty has roots like a tree whereas education is one factor which stands out. Lack of access to education passes poverty from one generation to another while education possesses secret ingredients to achieve economic stability in livelihoods. This paper aims to examine the impact of China Pakistan-economic corridor (CPEC) on education and poverty in Pakistan, it also provides a clearer and more nuanced picture of extreme poverty and highly stratified education system in tandem. The policies in Pakistan have other foci rather than on betterment of education and eradication of poverty matters. The study used the quantitative approach using self-administered questionnaires. Nine demographic questions have also been included in the second section of the study questionnaire. Instruments of the study were validated by factor analysis. The study included the data collected from 800 respondents in Hazara division, KPK, Pakistan. All the relationships were tested using correlation and structure equation modelling (SEM). The SEM indicated multiple confirmations like, CPEC being a new economic model can usher Pakistan's education foothold and poverty alleviation to new paradigm of evolution.
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