The COVID-19 pandemic is referred to as an unpredictable phenomenon and a challenge that stimulates change, one of which is in the field of medical education. Online learning as the main solution in the field of education certainly offers positive and negative impacts for medical students. Therefore, learning design is a strategy that continues to be developed in improving the quality of teaching that is more effective and innovative. The purpose of writing this review is to find out more about the quality of problem-based learning in developing countries during the pandemic era. This type of study is a literature review that uses the literature study method. The sources used in this review consist of relevant journals from search engines such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. The results of the literature search show that pandemic conditions encourage learning to be carried out using virtual methods. To implement online learning during this pandemic, various technologies have been developed, ranging from digital problem-based learning (PBL) which has been implemented at the National Taiwan University College of Medicine, web video conferencing learning (WVC) at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia which is effectively used in the case-based discussion (CBD) process, as well as various platforms that support online learning, such as Tencent Meeting, DingTalk, and Edmodo. EdTech Start-ups and SWAYAM portal in India also aims to maintain equitable distribution, access, and quality in times of pandemic. Some applications that can support live streaming based on video conferencing are Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, Lark, Zoom. Seeing the various advantages and problems faced in implementing online lectures during the pandemic, various improvement strategies need to be carried out in maintaining the quality and learning outcomes, starting from infrastructure, personnel, methods in delivering lectures, learning outcomes, institutional responses, and support from the government.
Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between USP39 expression, the prognosis of patients with solid cancer, and to identify the clinicopathological characteristics of these patients. Material and Method: This study was carried out using PRISMA strategy. Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published up to April 2022. 14 studies was included in this study. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) data were collected, including number of samples, detection methods, number of sample with high USP39 expression, and cut-off value. HR and 95% CI was used to evaluate the prognostic value of USP39 expression. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used to assess the effect of USP39 expression on clinicopathological parameters. Results: Qualitative analysis using 14 included studies and quantitative analysis using 7 included studies. We found that USP39 expression has significant risk for histological
Breast cancer is malignancy that becomes significant health problem in the world. According to WHO data in 2018, there were 2.1 million cases of breast cancer with mortality rate reaching 627,000. Current breast cancer treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. However, these treatments have side effects such as neuropathy, fatigue after undergoing chemotherapy, and alopecia. Natural ingredients are the choice to overcome these weaknesses, one of which is the utilization of piperine in Balinese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl). Piperine can increase the bioavailability of many drugs by increasing absorption from the intestine, suppressing the metabolism of drugs in lung and liver tissue by inhibiting CYP3A4 and P84 glycoprotein P84. Piperine is easily absorbed in the intestine and excreted through urine and feces, causing minimal toxic effects. Piperine in Balinese long pepper is able to reduce breast cancer cell proliferation by 40%. Piperine can also inhibit epidermal growth factor (EGF) by inducing decreased expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13. Piperine will work through inhibition of NF-κB and PKCα phosphorylation and AP-1 activation by interfering extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway (ERK) 1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt which results in inhibition of migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Keyword: Anti-metastatic, Anti-proliferative, Breast Cancer, Piperine, Piper Retrofractum.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Breast cancer is associated with a high mortality rate and health-related economic burden. Breast cancer patients have a low 5-year life expectancy when diagnosed at advanced stages. Besides, the emergence of chemoresistance in breast cancer has led to an intense search for alternative anticancer agents. One of the potential anticancer compounds is Piperine. Several studies had found that Piperine has anticancer effects such as anti-proliferation, induces apoptosis, anti-migration or anti-metastasis, chemo-enhancer or chemosensitizer, cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis, immune response modulators, and self-renewal inhibitor for cancer stem cells. Several delivery agents such as PLGA, PEG-PLGA and liposomes have been studied to improve Piperine's delivery and have shown good results. Therefore, the combination of Piperine and nanoparticles is a potential anticancer agent, especially in breast cancer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.