The lack of teaching materials that can facilitate students' independent learning has an impact on students' lack of understanding. In addition, the lack of teaching materials also has an impact on student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to create teaching materials with Flipbook. This type of research is developed using three stages, namely design, development, and evaluation. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. There are two instruments used in this study, namely interview guidelines and expert assessment. The subject of this research is the English teacher. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the quality of the Flipbook assessed by the first expert got a score of 56. The quality assessment given by the second jury expert was 61, with a good category. The quality rating given by the user is 62, with a good category. Thus, flipbooks are categorized as suitable teaching materials. So it can be said that the flipped book teaching materials developed are feasible to be applied in the learning process. This research implies that the Flipbook developed can be used by students in an independent study.
Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri gram negatif berbentuk batang dalam sel tunggal atau berpasangan. Escherichia coli termasuk anggota flora normal dalam usus dan dapat menjadi patogen bila mencapai jaringan di luar jaringan intestinal. Mengingat obat-obatan kimiawi banyak yang menyebabkan resistensi dan efek samping, para ahli farmakologi mulai mengembangkan pengobatan dengan bahan-bahan yang tradisional seperti tanaman secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) yang bermanfaat sebagai antibakteri (Katno, 2008).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak batang kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian True Experiment dengan rancangan Posttest dengan Kelompok Kontrol (Posttest Only Control Group Design), menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 24 unit percobaan dan 4 kali ulangan. Sampel penelitian adalah ekstrak batang kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%, 2 kelompok kontrol terdiri dari kontrol positif ciprofloxacin dan kontrol negatif aquades. Daya hambat diperoleh berdasarkan pengukuran zona hambat dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova.Hasil penelitian zona hambatan untuk Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 10% (0 mm); 20% (0 mm); 30% (0 mm) dan 40% (0 mm). Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis diperoleh nilai signifikan yakni 1,000 lebih besar dari p value: 0,05 sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa ekstrak batang kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli
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