An effective and efficient in vitro propagation system has important roles in preparing and producing high quality-seedlings of Dendrobium for commercial scale. The objective of this research was to establish an effective and efficient embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation method using bioreactor system and regeneration EC into plantlet for producing high quality seedlings of Dendrobium Indonesia Raya 'Ina'. Differences in callus densities (5, 10, 15, and 20 g callus in 250 mL medium), aeration levels (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 O 2 volume per medium volume per minute; vvm), and regeneration media half-strength MS and 2 g L-1 NPK (32:10:10) combinated by 0.00, 0.05 mg L-1 BA, 150 mL L-1 coconut water and their combinations were tested in this experiment. The experiments were arranged using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications for EC proliferation and randomized completely desaign (RBD) for EC regeneration. The results showed that combination of aeration at 2.5 vvm and 10 g of EC was the most suitable aeration level and callus density for proliferation of EC in the 500 ml airlift bioreactor with 6.85 multiplication rate, 92.5% EC formation, and malformed callus morphology as low as 6.1%. The highest somatic embryos (SEs) formation was 87.7% with 44.5 SEs per clump and 92.1% SEs germination with 41.0 germinated-SEs per clump, 85.1% normal germinated-SEs, and whereas the best performance of plantlet was obtained from 1/2 MS + 0.05 mg L-1 BA semi solid medium. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized using Cycas rumphii medium with high survival rate (91.6%). ABSTRAK Sistem perbanyakan in vitro yang efektif dan efisien memiliki peranan penting dalam mempersiapkan dan memproduksi benih Dendrobium bermutu untuk skala komersial. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode proliferasi kalus embriogenik (KE) menggunakan bioreaktor dan regenerasi KE menjadi plantlet yang efektif dan efisien untuk perbanyakan masal benih D. Indonesia Raya 'Ina' bermutu. Perbedaan kepadatan kalus (5, 10, 15, dan 20 g kalus dalam 250 mL media), tingkat aerasi (2.5, 5.0, dan 10.0 volume O 2 per volume media per menit; vvm), dan media regenerasi (media dasar ½ MS dan 2 g L-1 NPK (32:10:10) yang dikombinasikan 0.00, 0.05 mg L-1 BA, 150 mL L-1 air kelapa, dan kombinasi keduanya) diuji dalam penelitian ini. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan untuk proliferasi KE dan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan untuk regenerasi KE menjadi plantlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi tingkat aerasi 2.5 vvm dengan kepadatan kalus 10 g paling sesuai untuk proliferasi KE dalam airlift bioreactor 500 ml dengan 6.85 tingkat multiplikasi, 92.5% pembentukan KE, dan 6.1% malformasi morfologi kalus. Diferensiasi dan perkecambahan embrio somatik (ES) tertinggi (87.7%) dengan 44.5 ES per gerombol, 92.1% ES berkecambah dengan 41.0 kecambah per gerombol, 85.1% kecambah normal, dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan plantlet terbaik ditemukan pada media semi-solid 1/2 MS + 0.05 mg ...
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