Conventional approaches to cosmology inference from galaxy redshift surveys are based on n-point functions, which are under rigorous perturbative control on sufficiently large scales. Here, we present an alternative approach, which employs a likelihood at the level of the galaxy density field. By integrating out small-scale modes based on effective-field theory arguments, we prove that this likelihood is under perturbative control if certain specific conditions are met. We further show that the information captured by this likelihood is equivalent to the combination of the next-to-leading order galaxy power spectrum, leadingorder bispectrum, and BAO reconstruction. Combined with MCMC sampling and MAP optimization techniques, our results allow for fully Bayesian cosmology inference from largescale structure that is under perturbative control. We illustrate this via a first demonstration of unbiased cosmology inference from nonlinear large-scale structure using this likelihood. In particular, we show unbiased estimates of the power spectrum normalization σ 8 from a catalog of simulated dark matter halos, where nonlinear information is crucial in breaking the b 1 − σ 8 degeneracy.

The effective-field-theory (EFT) approach to the clustering of galaxies and other biased tracers allows for an isolation of the cosmological information that is protected by symmetries, in particular the equivalence principle, and thus is robust to the complicated dynamics of dark matter, gas, and stars on small scales. All existing implementations proceed by making predictions for the lowest-order n-point functions of biased tracers, as well as their covariance, and comparing with measurements. Recently, we presented an EFT-based expression for the conditional probability of the density field of a biased tracer given the matter density field, which in principle combines information from arbitrarily high order n-point functions. Here, we report results based on this likelihood by applying it to halo catalogs in real space, specifically on the inference of the power spectrum normalization σ 8 . We include bias terms up to second order as well as the leading higher-derivative term. For a cutoff value of Λ = 0.1 h Mpc −1 , we recover the ground-truth value of σ 8 to within 95% CL for different halo samples and redshifts. We discuss possible sources for the remaining systematic bias in σ 8 as well as future developments.

In recent years, a deep learning model called convolutional neural network with an ability of extracting features of high-level abstraction from minimum preprocessing data has been widely used. In this research, we proposed a new approach in classifying DNA sequences using the convolutional neural network while considering these sequences as text data. We used one-hot vectors to represent sequences as input to the model; therefore, it conserves the essential position information of each nucleotide in sequences. Using 12 DNA sequence datasets, we evaluated our proposed model and achieved significant improvements in all of these datasets. This result has shown a potential of using convolutional neural network for DNA sequence to solve other sequence problems in bioinformatics.

The current review focuses on a plant with a wide spectrum of potential uses, Armoraeia rusticana (syn. Armoraeia lapathifoliaj, commonly known as horseradish. The plant has been cultivated for a long time and is used in food industry, mainly as a condiment, but recent research has provided data on other possible uses. This paper focuses on the botany, distribution, agriculture, and chemical characterization of' this root, and its possible therapeutical uses. Relations to other species, distribution, and ethnopharmacology are briefly discussed. An introduction is provided about the stability and technical properties of the main constituents. Detailed pharmacological description is given on the chief chemical compounds, ally I and phenethyl isothiocyanates, including in vitro and animal studies and pharmacokinetics. The main isothiocyanates are mainly researched as possible anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Botany and EthnobotanyArmoraeia rusticana, Cochlearia armoraeia, and Armoraeia lapthifolia are scientific names that refer to a perennial plant commonly known as horseradish. Horseradish belongs to the tribe Cardaminae of Brassicaceae or Mustard family, which contains more than 350 genera, with about 3000 species. The plant can reach the height of 120 cm. It has a hardy glabrous stem, from which wavy margin leaves arise directly (cauline leaf) following a circular arrangement pattern (basal rosette). Horseradish leaf is described to have a length of 30-100 cm, a cordate base, long petiole, and the shape slightly varying from the lower to the uppermost leaf. Whereas a shorter petiole and a lobe shape with entire or serrate margin are characteristics of lower leaves, upper leaves have a narrow base, obtuse apex, oblong or lanceolate shape with crenate or serrate margin. The margin is linear or almost entire in the case of uppermost leaves.''* Horseradish has white, tetramerous flowers arranged in racemes and a smooth, brown angustiseptate fruit-a fruit flattened at a right angle to the septum, which usually contains very few (<6) or no seeds.'^' In addition, the lack of evidence that horseradish grows from seeds suggests sterility. For Address eorrespondenee to Gabor Vasas,

Photoelectrochemical etching of high aspect ratio mask‐defined grooves in (100) normaln‐normalGaAs is shown to be dependent on both crystallographic orientation and doping level. Structures etched along the [01] direction produced V‐grooves, showing that the (111)Ga surface is a stop plane with respect to oxidation by photogenerated holes. Other orientations etch more isotropically. In all cases, undercutting of the mask is associated with lateral diffusion of holes due to slow kinetics of consumption by the interfacial reaction. This effect is minimized in highly doped crystals, where high quality vertical walled gratings can be produced using visible light with aspect ratios of >10:1.

With the expansion of the Internet and World Wide Web (or the Web), research environments have changed dramatically. As a result, the need to be able to efficiently and securely access information and resources from remote computer systems is becoming even more critical. This paper describes the development of an extendable integrated Web-accessible simulation environment for computational science and engineering called Computational Science and Engineering Online (CSE-Online; http://cse-online.net). CSE-Online is based on a unique client-server software architecture that can distribute the workload between the client and server computers in such a way as to minimize the communication between the client and server, thus making the environment less-sensitive to network instability. Furthermore, the new software architecture allows the user to access data and resources on one or more remote servers as well as on the computing grid while having the full capability of the Web-services collaborative environment. It can be accessed anytime and anywhere from a Web browser connected to the network by either a wired or wireless connection. It has different modes of operations to support different working environments and styles. CSE-Online is evolving into middleware that can provide a framework for accessing and managing remote data and resources including the computing grid for any domain, not necessarily just within computational science and engineering.

Introduction. The functional food Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates which are decomposed by the myrosinase enzyme upon tissue damage. The isothiocyanates are the most frequent decomposition products. Because of their various bioactivities, these compounds and the myrosinase is of high interest to many scientific fields.Objective. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method capable of myrosinasecompatible, simultaneous quantification of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates.Methods. Capillary electrochromatography parameters were optimized, followed by optimization of a myrosinase-compatible derivatization procedure for isothiocyanates. Vegetable extracts (Brussels sprouts, horseradish, radish and watercress) were tested for myrosinase activity, glucosinolate content and isothiocyanate conversion rate. Allyl isothiocyanate was quantified in some food products.Results. The method allows quantification of sinigrin, gluonasturtiin and allyl isothiocyanate after myrosinase compatible derivatization in-vial by mercaptoacetic acid. The chromatograhpic separation takes 2.5 minutes (short end injection) or 15 minutes (long end injection). For the tested vegetables, measured myrosinase activity was between 0.960 -27.694 and 0.461 -26.322 µmol min -1 mg -1 protein, glucosinolate content was between 0 -2291.8 and 0 -248.5 µg g -1 fresh weight for sinigrin and gluconastrutiin, respectively. The possible specificity of plants to different glucosinolates was also shown. Allyl isothiocyanate release rate was different in different vegetables (73.13 to 102.13 %). The method could also be used for quantification of allyl isothiocyanate from food products.Conclusions. The presented capillary electrophoresis method requires a minimal amount of sample and contains only a few sample preparation steps, and can be used in several applications (glucosinolate determination, myrosinase activity measurement, isothiocyanate release estimation). Short abstractA fast myrosinase-compatible capillary electrophoresis -micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for simultaneous determination of glucosinolates and allyl isothiocyanate was developed. The method was successfully used to determine glucosinolates (sinigrin and gluconasturtiin) from plant matrices (radish, horseradish, Brussels sprouts and watercress), to determine myrosinase activity using either sinigrin or gluconasturtiin as substrates as well as to determine allyl isothiocyanate from food products, and glucosinolate -isothiocyanate conversion rate.

3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is an endogenous derivative of thyroid hormone with potential metabolic effects. It has been detected in human blood by immunological methods, but a reliable assay based on mass spectrometry (MS), which is now regarded as the gold standard in clinical chemistry, is not available yet. Therefore, we aimed at developing a novel ad-hoc optimized method to quantitate 3,5-T2 and its isomers by MS in human serum. Serum samples were obtained from 28 healthy subjects. Two ml of serum were deproteinized with acetonitrile and then subjected to an optimized solid phase extraction-based procedure. To lower background noise, the samples were furtherly cleaned by hexane washing and acetonitrile precipitation of residual proteins. 3,5-T2 and its isomers 3,3′-T2 and 3′,5′-T2 were then analyzed by HPLC coupled to tandem MS. Accuracy and precision for T2 assay were 88–104% and 95–97%, respectively. Recovery and matrix effect averaged 78% and +8%, respectively. 3,5-T2 was detected in all samples and its concentration averaged (mean ± SEM) 41 ± 5 pg/ml, i.e., 78 ± 9 pmol/l. In the same samples the concentration of 3,3′-T2 averaged 133±15 pg/ml, i.e., 253±29 pmol/l, while 3′,5′-T2 was not detected. 3,5-T2 concentration was significantly related to 3,3′-T2 concentration ( r = 0.540, P < 0.01), while no significant correlation was observed with either T3 or T4 in a subset of patients in which these hormones were assayed. In conclusion, our method is able to quantify 3,5-T2 and 3,3′-T2 in human serum. Their concentrations lie in the subnanomolar range, and a significant correlation was detected between these two metabolites in healthy individuals.