Jong-Hwa Lee, Hwi-yeol Yun and Jung-woo Chae contributed equally to this work as the corresponding authors.

Galgeuntang (GGT), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely co-administered with acetaminophen (AAP) for treatment of the common cold, but this combination has not been the subject of investigation. Therefore, we investigated the herb–drug interaction between GGT and AAP by population pharmacokinetics (PKs) modeling and simulation studies. To quantify PK parameters and identify drug interactions, an open label, three-treatment, three-period, one-sequence (AAP alone, GGT alone, and AAP and GGT in combination) clinical trial involving 12 male healthy volunteers was conducted. Ephedrine (EPD), the only GGT component detected, was identified using a one-compartment model. The PKs of AAP were described well by a one-compartment model and exhibited two-phase absorption (rapid followed by slow) and first-order elimination. The model showed that EPD significantly influenced the PKs of AAP. The simulation results showed that at an AAP dose of 1000 mg × 4 times daily, the area under the concentration versus time curve of AAP increased by 16.4% in the presence of GGT compared to AAP only. In conclusion, the PKs of AAP were affected by co-administration of GGT. Therefore, when AAP is combined with GGT, adverse effects related to overdose of AAP could be induced possibly.

The rapidly emerging COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for rapid and extensive changes in the education programs of universities. This chapter reviews the changes in teaching and learning made by pharmaceutical faculties in six universities located in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Mahasarakham University (Thailand), Taylor's University (Malaysia), University of the Philippines-Manilla (Philippines), Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam), University of Health Sciences (Lao PDR), and Sanata Dharma University (Indonesia). The authors discuss adjustments that were made based on educational contexts, planning and infrastructure, educational processes, and products and outcomes. Each university provides a specific story concerning lessons learned in responding to the pandemic. The chapter concludes with changes that will be employed in future emergency situations, as well as those that will continue to be incorporated with the resumption of normal operations.

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Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is known as one of the most potential target in cancer therapy. In this context, we have demonstrated that marine fungi derivatives can play as possible inhibitors for preventing the biological activity of HSP90 using a combination of molecular docking and fast pulling of ligand (FPL) simulations. In particular, the computational approaches were validated since compared with the respective experiments. Based on a benchmark on available inhibitors of HsP90, GOLD docking package using ChemPLP scoring function was found to be dominated over both Autodock Vina and Autodock4 in preliminary estimation the ligand binding affinity and binding pose with the Pearson correlation, R=-0.62. Moreover, FPL calculations were also indicated to be a suitable approach to refine docking simulations with a correlation coefficient with the respective experimental data of R=-0.81. Therefore, the binding affinity of marine fungi derivatives to Hsp90 was evaluated. Docking and FPL calculations suggested that five compounds including 23, 40, 46, 48, and 52 are as highly potential inhibitors for HSP90. The obtained results probably enhance the cancer therapy. <br>

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is known as one of the most potential target in cancer therapy. In this context, we have demonstrated that marine fungi derivatives can play as possible inhibitors for preventing the biological activity of HSP90 using a combination of molecular docking and fast pulling of ligand (FPL) simulations. In particular, the computational approaches were validated since compared with the respective experiments. Based on a benchmark on available inhibitors of HsP90, GOLD docking package using ChemPLP scoring function was found to be dominated over both Autodock Vina and Autodock4 in preliminary estimation the ligand binding affinity and binding pose with the Pearson correlation, R=-0.62. Moreover, FPL calculations were also indicated to be a suitable approach to refine docking simulations with a correlation coefficient with the respective experimental data of R=-0.81. Therefore, the binding affinity of marine fungi derivatives to Hsp90 was evaluated. Docking and FPL calculations suggested that five compounds including 23, 40, 46, 48, and 52 are as highly potential inhibitors for HSP90. The obtained results probably enhance the cancer therapy. <br>