NADPH oxidase produces reactive oxygen species (ROS).Drosophila melanogaster has two homologs of NADPH oxidase, dNox and dDuox, with functions that remain unclear in vivo. To clarify these functions, two independent transgenic fly lines expressing dsRNA targeted for different portions of dDuox mRNA were used. In both flies, en-GAL4> UAS-dDuoxIR 976 -1145 and en-GAL4> UAS-dDuoxIR 370 -518 , in which dDuox was knocked down selectively in the posterior area of the wing disc, the posterior compartment of the adult wings became paler and more fragile with wing veins that were indistinct by comparison with the anterior one. Fluorescence staining of the en-GAL4> UASdDuoxIR 976 -1145 adult wings revealed that the ROS concentration in the posterior compartment was significantly lower than that in the anterior compartment. Moreover, in these flies, the posterior compartment of the wing imaginal disc showed a greater number of apoptotic cells detected by immunostaining with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody than those in the anterior compartment. Respective knockdown of tyrosine hydroxylase or dopa-decarboxylase showed paler wing blades in the posterior compartment similar to the phenotype of dDuox-knockdown files. Along with this observation, analysis of the catecholic and dityrosine components in the wings of adult flies proved that dDuox plays important roles in the stabilization of the cuticle structure of the wings via tyrosine cross-linking, the sclerotization and melanization processes possibly through ROS production. These dDuox-knockdown fly lines would be useful tools for further studying dDuox functions during the development of Drosophila.
Aim: STEM has attracted great consideration. The purpose of research is: (i) study STEM education; (ii) explore STEM education with the creative and experiential activity; (iii) suggest applying STEM education by designing technical toys for the middle school student. Study Design: This study used a qualitative approach to carry out teaching integration for STEM education. Place and Duration of the Study:The study applied to teaching the technological field in Vietnamese middle schools. The design performed at the Faculty of Technology Education, Hanoi Quang et al.; BJESBS, 11(2): 1-12, 2015; Article no.BJESBS.19429 2 National University of Education (HNUE), Vietnam in April 2015. Methods: This study used the integrated approach to design subjects for STEM education. Results: Two procedures for integration undertook with analysis. A sample of producing technical toy was consistent with developing students' competencies. Conclusion: Integrated approach to STEM education through designing technical toys is possible. Recently, there has been a booming interest in Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education [1,2], but the approaches to STEM still remains controversial in diverse educational contexts. This study addressed this issue by exploring STEM education with the use of creative and experiential activities in a Vietnamese educational context. It also proposed a practical model for integrating STEM into teaching technology in secondary schools by designing technical toys. The implementation of the practical model suggests the possibility in using the integrated approach to STEM education through designing technical toys for middle school students in Vietnam. By applying the subject knowledge domains to solve real world problems and settings, the students can experience the benefits of a concrete and active learning in a meaningful and practical context. The multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration approaches are consistent with the development of the students' competencies. Original Research Article
NADPH oxidase is the major source of non-mitochondrial cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also is reported to be a major cause of various diseases including atherosclerosis and hypertension. In order to screen a new curative reagent that can suppress NADPH oxidase activity, we developed a Drosophila melanogaster fly that would overexpress human Dual oxidase 2 (hDuox2), a member of the NADPH oxidase family, as a screening model. These flies (GMR-GAL4/UAS-hDuox2) had a high generation of ROS in the posterior region of the eye discs along with an easily recognizable rough-eye phenotype, which is an ideal and convenient marker for further screening steps. Moreover, the hDuox2-induced rough-eye phenotype can be rescued by feeding with a culture medium containing mulberry leaves (MLs), which reportedly have an antimetabolic effect. Some commercially available antioxidants such as quercetin-3-O-D-glucoside or quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate, or the naringin contained in MLs and other herbs, also have shown a similar suppressing effect on the rough-eye phenotype. Our results suggest that flavonoid glycoside is absorbed from the intestine and functions in the body of D. melanogaster as it does in mammalian models such as rats. Thus, the GMR-GAL4/UAS-hDuox2 fly line is a promising model for the screening of novel drugs such as NADPH oxidase inhibitors and/or antioxidants.
The scolopendromorph fauna of the Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park, northernmost Vietnam has been studied. As a result, a total of 17 species in eight genera and three families have been recorded in five different types of habitats (wood forest, bamboo forest, wood-bamboo mixed forest, pine forest, and grassland-shrubs) and from three elevation range (<1,000 m, 1,000–1,600 m, and >1,600 m). Scolopendridae is the most diverse family with nine recorded species. Of the five habitats, most species have been found in wood forests and wood-bamboo mixed forests (11 species each habitat), and at the elevation range of 1,000–1,600 m (15 species). The research also recommended that this number does not reflect the true biodiversity of this region; more intensive surveys are needed to have a better understanding of the scolopendromorph diversity in the Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park.
This article is based on research on how members of the Vietnamese diaspora in northeast Thailand construct their hybrid identities. Although “diasporic identity” is mentioned often in diaspora studies, it is crucial when investigating it to consider relevant political, social, cultural and economic contexts. This article investigates, compares and analyzes the similarities and differences in place-making and ethnic identity construction by the Vietnamese diaspora’s second and third generations, over different periods of residence, in northeast Thailand. Participant observation, in-depth interviews and desk research methodologies were utilized in this research. The findings reveal that second and third generations of the Vietnamese diaspora underwent dissimilar processes when constructing their hybrid ethnicities (as Vietnamese Thai) due to differences in their migration experiences and levels of social embeddedness in their home and host countries, and because of changes in the geopolitical context in the last 70 years. The differences in identity construction between the two generations reflects their journey from migrant group to diaspora community, their cultural continuity and fragmentation, and their ongoing negotiations to culturally adapt within the host country, and at the same time, maintain attachments with their home country. Keywords: Vietnamese diaspora, Second generation, Third generation, Place-making, Hybrid identities.
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