Many human genetic associations with resistance to malaria have been reported but few have been reliably replicated. We collected data on 11,890 cases of severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and 17,441 controls from 12 locations in Africa, Asia and Oceania. There was strong evidence of association with the HBB, ABO, ATP2B4, G6PD and CD40LG loci but previously reported associations at 22 other loci did not replicate in the multi-centre analysis. The large sample size made it possible to identify authentic genetic effects that are heterogeneous across populations or phenotypes, a striking example being the main African form of G6PD deficiency, which reduced the risk of cerebral malaria but increased the risk of severe malarial anaemia. The finding that G6PD deficiency has opposing effects on different fatal complications of P. falciparum infection indicates that the evolutionary origins of this common human genetic disorder are more complex than previously supposed.

Large-scale studies of genomic variation could assist efforts to eliminate malaria.

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Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. was commonly used in Vietnam as a fragrance because of its aroma. These aromatic plants are the primary source of medicinal herbs because of their valuable biological activities. This study was aimed at determining the phytochemical content, Total flavonoids contents (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidants were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH scavenging assays, respectively. The total flavonoid content is measured by the aluminum chloride method. The qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarin, and reducing sugar, which is chemical components in Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb extract. Results showed that ethanol extract exhibited higher DPPH (129.327 ug/ml) and TPC (38.12 mgGAE/DW) activity than water extraction (265.738 ug/ml and 10.97 mgGAE/DW). Research shows that using this plant more in pharmaceuticals or food should be focused and developed.