Pre-abortion counselling has a role in promoting safe sex practices and in preventing repeated unplanned pregnancies and repeated abortions among abortion-seeking women. Such counselling is essential in Vietnam, especially given the common use of abortion. Arguably, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the delivery of pre-abortion counselling is more urgent for young women, who have historically been ignored by State reproductive health initiatives and are increasingly exposed to transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned pregnancies and abortion. This paper charts urban Vietnamese service providers' discourses in pre-abortion counselling specific for reducing risks of additional unwanted pregnancies, repeat abortion and STI/HIV transmission among young Vietnamese women. Thirteen providers working in counselling delivery, management and programme-planning at the Reproductive Health Care Centre of Ho Chi Minh City participated in this study. Through qualitative interviews, this paper elicits a range of provider attitudes, considerations and approaches in pre-abortion counselling and presents these discourses using participant anecdotes. Demonstrated among participant responses were five key pre-abortion counselling phases for promoting effective family planning among young women. Topics covered in these counselling phases included abortion complications, post-abortion fertility return, contraception, behaviour change and STI/HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health basics (SRH). The service provider discourses gleaned from this study are foundational for further research and development of best practice guidelines in pre-abortion counselling.
Supply chain disruptions and risks have been garnering more attention in recent years owing to the occurrence of several high-profile disruptions and many published works acknowledge the increasing vulnerability to disruptions in supply chains. Few, however, explicitly embrace complex systems (CS) approach as a holistic, system-wide perspective towards supply chain risk management (SCRM). This paper analyzes the current status and identifies research trends in applying CS approaches to SCRM by analyzing the ScienceDirect publication database.
The paper presents an agent-based simulation to model supply chains (SCs) and evaluate the bullwhip effect, an important index to measure the stability of SCs, under the stochastic demand and lead time. We carried out a series of numerical experiments to measure the bull whip effects in two scenarios. In the first scenario with a simple 2-tier SC, the results of simulation were obtained and compared directly to the analytical counterparts in literature. From the comparison between simulated and analytical results, it was figured out that the assumption of non-negative demand/order quantities, which are usually not considered in analytical models, could affect the results of bullwhip effect measurement. In the second scenario, the bullwhip effect in a 4-tier SC was evaluated to observe quantitatively how the variances in demands and replenishment orders are amplified while moving upwards the SC.
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