The design of the directional coupler with reduced physical dimensions, using compact structures. The proposed coupler operates at two Central frequencies, 900 and 1900 MHz. The use of compact structures instead of quarter-wave segments made it possible to reduce the standard coupler by 67%, with minor performance degradation.
This article is devoted to the description of a miniature phase shifter of the reflective type. Its dimensions were reduced with the help of compact structures – they were replaced by structures, both quarter-wave segments and plug-in plumes allowing changing the phase at the output. Phase shifters are used in phased array antennas to change the phase on the emitters and thus change the amplitude-phase distribution, which leads to a change in the radiation pattern. For a large number of emitters, a large number of phase shifters are required, which is why at low frequencies they can occupy a sufficiently large area. For this reason, it is possible to use compact structures that have identical characteristics with transmission lines in a certain frequency band. Such replacement allows saving the occupied area of the power supply circuit of the antenna array (material saving), but at the same time reduces the permissible power. The design of a phase shifter with a Central frequency of 2 GHz, whose area was reduced by 63% in relation to the typical implementation of the design, was investigated.
The work provides for a theoretical study of the coupler in marine communication systems - design and its main characteristics, computer simulation of a compact coupler. The coupler geometry has been redesigned to provide 1 GHz operating frequency and compact size. Artificial transmission lines were installed. Optimization yielded the most similar characteristics of a compact device with the characteristics of a standard device. The area of the device has been reduced by 76.25%.
A study to determine how the operating frequency of the device during miniaturization depends on its efficiency and the safety of the original characteristics. It was found that the miniaturization efficiency decreases with increasing frequency. Thus, the design of compact couplers for Central frequencies from 1000 to 3000 MHz with a step of 500 MHz was studied. In this case, the dimensions in relation to the standard design were reduced by 78.8, 62.5, 46.7, 39 and 30%, respectively.
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