The purpose of the present study was to define the term “cyberbullying” from the perspective of middle- and high-school students in Vietnam, detailing its characteristics. The study used qualitative focus groups with Vietnamese students, teachers, parents, school psychologists, and psycho-educational experts in Hanoi, Vietnam. From the perspective of these informants, cyberbullying involves seven characteristics: (a) The indirect transmission of negative, untrue, hateful, and/ or secret, personal information through electronic devices and applications, (b) with the intention to hurt the victim, (c) which may or may not be part of a series of repetitive actions that nonetheless may have ongoing effects, (d) with the perpetrator an individual or a group, (e) in the context of a power imbalance relationship, (f) with the perpetrator(s) able to hide his or her identity, (g) and the bullying able to occur at all times in any place the victim has internet access. 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Background: In Asia, especially in China and ASEAN, it has been an obvious trend that the population in general and parents in particular leave the countryside to bigger cities or more developed countries for employment opportunities. Many migrant workers are forced to leave their children at home with caregivers, particularly in families with both husband and wife working away from home. Studies worldwide have showed that, besides positive economic and social impacts, labor migrant parents also cause negative effects to the well-being of those they leave behind, especially children. However, this study orientation has not generated significant interest in Vietnam. Participants: This paper indicates the results of a survey on 469 left-behind children of labor migrant parents in rural areas by comparing them with a control group of 650 children living with their parents in three rural areas of North Vietnam including Phu Tho, Bac Ninh and Ha Nam provinces. Besides, we also survey 363 caregivers (parent or grandfather/grandmother of left-behind children) about psychological well-being of left-behind children. Method: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used for this study. SDQ was Vietnamized by author Dang Hoang Minh et al. (2013) and adaptable to Vietnamese teenagers. Results: As reported by the surveyed children, the SDQ mean total difficulties score of those having migrant parents was 12.55 (SD = 5.96) and 18.9% of these children had scores higher than the cut-off score. As rated by caregivers, they were 11.12 (SD = 5.14) and 15.1%, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in mental health between the LBC and non-LBC group. The general trend is that the LBC reported to have higher scores of total difficulties and specific expressions including hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, conduct problems than that of non-LBC. Self-esteem and self-assessment of
Children living in residential care have a degree of separation from their parents and other family members. Based on attachment theory, this study was conducted to analyze the contact between these children and their biological parents, and the factors affecting this contact. The sample included 382 children (orphans, abandoned or helpless children, children whose parents are deprived of custody or are unable to raise a child) living in residential centers located in North, Central and South of Vietnam. Data were obtained by semi-structured interviews. The results showed that, on average, children contact their parents and family members once a month. In addition, variables such as family image in children's mind and joyfulness when meeting parents are the best predictors of contact between children and parents, family members. The contact between children and parents is arguably considered as a form of consolidation and maintenance of emotional relationship.
This article presents the use of isogeometric analysis (IGA) to analyse the behaviour of the functionally graded material (FGM) plate structures with piezoelectric patches. This study investigates the effect of piezoelectric patches on the plate structure made of FGM material as a solid model. Because IGA is based on the NURBS (Non-uniform rational basis spline) approximation, this method describes the exact geometry with the higher-order functions approach. The effectiveness of the present method is to use the few degrees of freedom combining a high-order approximation function between elements to ensure the accuracy of the result, which reduces the computational time and saves the required memory. In addition, NURBS geometry has also been shown to be a viable approach due to the flexibility in mesh construction such as refinement and high-order continuity that warranty correctly the results of the problem. Based on the advantages that IGA has been proved by many previous studies, we built a three-dimensional model for plate structure consisting of upper and lower layers with piezoelectric patches, middle layer with FGM material. The results are verified and compared to the commercial Comsol software to prove the effectiveness of the method for this problem.
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