The giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, is at high risk of extinction due to overfishing of glass eels and elvers to provide stock for eel farming. In Vietnam, information on the genetic diversity and population structure of this species, which is necessary for resource management, is limited. In order to address this paucity of information, sequencing of the entire mitochondrial control region (mtDNA) was carried out for 176 individuals collected from central Vietnam. The sequences were investigated using various genetic, phylogenetic and population analyses. A total of 165 distinct haplotypes were identified. The percentage of variation within and among populations was 99.26% and 0.74%, respectively. The fixation index was low (0.007) and not significant (p = 0.096). Therefore, panmixia and a lack of significant population genetic structuring seem likely for A. marmorata in central Vietnam. Most sampled eels were genetically similar to eels found in North Pacific populations (Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines), except for one sample from Quang Tri and two samples from Binh Dinh, which had high values of genetic identity (97% to 99%) with South Pacific populations (Tahiti, Fiji, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea). Taken together, we suggest that A. marmorata from the North and South Pacific populations co-exist in central Vietnam.
This study aimed to determine the effect of a commercial diet's protein level on the fry-to-fingerling stage. Thirty days-old fries having the initial length and weight of 18.25 ± 0.15 mm fish-1 and 0.036 ± 0.50 g fish-1 respectively have been used in this study. Diet having three protein levels i.e. 30% (trial 1 as control), 35% (trial 2), 40% (trial 3), and 45% (trial 4), respectively, have been used to evaluate the effect of protein, and each trial has been repeated three times. During the study, stocking density was allocated to 1000 fish per composite tank with a volume of 1 m3. After 30 days of rearing, the weight of fingerlings in trial 1 reached up to 1.50 ± 0.02 g fish-1 and it was recorded as 1.52 ± 0.01g for trial 2, these two were lower than that of trials 3 and 4, where fingerling weight was reported 1.69 ± 0.01 and 1.58g fish-1 respectively and obtained the best weight compared to others. The length of fingerlings at the end of the experimental period was also changed in different trials and it was recorded 47.12; 46.92; 50.97; and 48.89 mm fish-1 for trail 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, among the tested combinations lower fingerlings length was recorded for trial 2 (35% CP), but it is not significantly different for trial 1 and 2 and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was reported for trail 2, 3, and 4. The survival rate of fingerlings ranged from 67.27 to 72.33%. Meanwhile, the herd distribution coefficient variation (CVW) in the treatment using 40% protein (trial 3) was the highest at 72.33% (p < 0.05). The results of the study can be concluded that the level of protein has a significant effect on the various growth parameters of fingerlings.
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