This article presents a new high-torque multipole bilayer magneto-rheological brake (MRB). This MRB has a unique structural design with multiple electromagnetic poles and multiple media layers of magnetorheological fluid (MRF). The MRB has two rotors located on the outer and inner sides of a six-pole stator, and therefore, it can provide higher torque and a larger torque-to-volume ratio (TVR) than conventional single- or multipole single-layer MRBs can. Moreover, the problem of potential MRF leakage is solved by using cylindrical separator rings around the stator. In this study, first, the structure of the proposed MRB is introduced. An analog magnetic circuit was built for the MRB to investigate the effects of the MRB parameters on the magnetic field intensity of the MRF layers. In addition, a 3D electromagnetic model of the MRB was developed to simulate and examine the magnetic flux intensity and corresponding braking torque. An approximate optimization method was then applied to obtain the optimal geometric dimensions for the major dimensional parameters of the MRB. The MRB was manufactured and tested to validate its torque and dynamic characteristics. The results showed that the proposed MRB exhibited great enhancement of the braking torque and TVR.
Purpose We aimed to determine the incidence and prediction nomogram for new-onset metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a middle-aged Vietnamese population.Methods A population-based prospective study was conducted in 1150 participants aged 40-64 years without MetS at baseline and followed-up for 5 years. Data on lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, family diabetes history, and anthropometric measures were collected. MetS incidence was estimated in general population and subgroup of age, gender, and MetS components. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% con dence intervals (CI) for MetS. A prediction nomogram was developed and checked for discrimination and calibration.Results During median follow-up of 5.14 years, the accumulate MetS incidence rate was 23.4% (95% CI: 22.2-24.7). The annual incidence rate (95%CI) was 52.9 (46.7-60.1) per 1000 person-years in general population and higher in women [56.6 (48.7-65.9)] than men [46.5 (36.9-59.3)]. The HRs (95% CI) for developing MetS were gender [females vs males: 2.04 (1.26-3.29)], advanced age [1.02 (1.01-1.04) per one year], waist circumference [1.08 (1.06-1.10) per one cm] and other obesity-related traits, and systolic blood pressure [1.02 (1.01-1.03) per one mmHg]. The prediction nomogram for MetS had a good discrimination (C-statistics = 0.742) and t calibration (mean absolute error = 0.009) with a positive net bene t in the predicted probability thresholds between 0.13 and 0.70.
ConclusionsThe study is the rst to indicate an alarmingly high incidence of MetS in a middle-aged population in Vietnam. The nomogram with simply applicable variables would be useful to qualify individual risk of developing MetS.
Multiple HPV infection was detected in 46.2% of all high-risk HPV-positive subjects (139 out of 301). Unmarried status, >1 sexual partner in the past year, active smoking and cervical neoplasia positively correlated with HPV infection. When compared to neighbouring European countries, HPV subtype 52 was more prevalent in our population (6.1% vs 1.4-5%) while HPV 18 was significantly lower (3.8% vs 5-30%).
Conclusion:In conclusion, this study showed unexpectedly high HPV prevalence in the young population of north-east Croatia. For this reason, mass vaccination against HPVs of young women and men in north-east Croatia is highly recommended.
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