In this study, a multibody-dynamics simulation approach was developed for a hawkmoth flexible wing. The wing structure is modeled as a chain of rigid bodies connected by elastic springs, and the aerodynamic force is measured by the extended unsteady vortex-lattice method. The multibody-dynamics and aerodynamic solvers are combined by an implicit coupling approach, and the quasi-Newtonian method is adopted to solve the system of nonlinear differential equations of motion. For validation, numerical results were compared with measurement data from a robotic wing and a living insect. A parametric analysis was conducted to study the effects of several kinematic parameters on the deformation and aerodynamic performance of the wing in hover. In most cases, using a flexible wing is far more efficient in terms of force production in comparison with its rigid counterpart. In general, wing deformation may cause considerable differences between the wing-tip and wing-base kinematic parameters. In particular, elevation motion as observed in living insects may be due to the passive oscillations of elastic elements, as opposed to a deliberate motion.
Analyzed the method of calculating the bias coefficients by the method of multicriteria optimization of the engagement (blocking contour) using the KOMPAS-3D program. Analyzed methods for assigning an additional offset of the original contour. The recommendations on the choice of displacement coefficients of spur gears of cylindrical gears in Appendix 2 of GOST 16532–70 are analyzed and additional recommendations are offered to them.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.