The main aim of this research is to establish the algorithm for nonlinear thermo-mechanical buckling of sandwich functionally graded graphene platelet reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) shallow spherical caps and circular plates with porous core under external pressure and/or uniformly distributed thermal load according to the higher-order shear deformation theory considering the von Karman nonlinearities. Sandwich spherical caps and circular plates are made by the porous core and two FG-GPLRC coatings and are assumed to be rested on an elastic foundation modeled by the Pasternak model. The equilibrium equation system in the form of nonlinear algebra can be approximately obtained using the Ritz energy method. The critical buckling loads and postbuckling curves can be explicitly determined. The effects of material parameters, geometrical parameters, porous core, and elastic foundation on thermo-mechanical buckling of sandwich spherical caps and circular plates with porous core and FG-GPLRC coatings are investigated and discussed in detail in the numerical investigation section.
The present paper deals with a new analytical approach of nonlinear global buckling of spiral corrugated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical shells subjected to radial loads. The equilibrium equation system is formulated by using the Donnell shell theory with the von Karman’s nonlinearity and an improved homogenization model for spiral corrugated structure. The obtained governing equations can be used to research the nonlinear postbuckling of mentioned above structures. By using the Galerkin method and a three term solution of deflection, an approximated analytical solution for the nonlinear stability problem of cylindrical shells is performed. The linear critical buckling loads and postbuckling strength of shells under radial loads are numerically investigated. Effectiveness of spiral corrugation in enhancing the global stability of spiral corrugated FG-CNTRC cylindrical shells is investigated.
Pavement markings make an important contribution to the safety of people and vehicles on roads. Many types of pavement marking materials have been used, and most recently, polyurea materials have been used as a binder in pavement marking paint. This type of paint has high retro-reflection and durability, so it has been widely applied for use at airports and on highways around the world. This article introduces the results of our research and the making of polyurea pavement marking paint using the formula: binder/harder ratio (1.3/1 by weight), 42% of pigment and filler, 10% of reflective balls, rheological additive, and dispersive additive to create outstanding features (retro-reflection > 260 mcd/m 2 /lux).
The linear buckling behavior of functionally graded cylindrical shells with porous core stiffened by spiral stiffeners under axial compression using the first-order shear deformation theory is presented in this paper. The improved Lekhnitskii’s smeared stiffeners technique is applied for shear deformable spiral FGM stiffeners. Approximate analytical solutions are assumed to satisfy the simply supported boundary conditions and the adjacent equilibrium criterion is applied to obtain closed-form relations of buckling loads. Effects of the number of FGM stiffeners, stiffener angle, volume fraction index and porosity coefficient on the buckling behavior of shells are numerically investigated.
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