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Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii, CRAb) is an emerging global threat for healthcare systems, particularly in Southeast Asia. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was employed to map genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to identify multilocus sequence types (MLST). Eleven strains isolated from humans in Vietnam were sequenced, and their AMR genes and MLST were compared to published genomes of strains originating from Southeast Asia, i.e., Thailand (n = 49), Myanmar (n = 38), Malaysia (n = 11), Singapore (n = 4) and Taiwan (n = 1). Ten out of eleven Vietnamese strains were CRAb and were susceptible only to colistin. All strains harbored ant(3”)-IIa, armA, aph(6)-Id and aph(3”) genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, and blaOXA-51 variants and blaADC-25 conferring resistance to ß-lactams. More than half of the strains harbored genes that confer resistance to tetracyclines, sulfonamides and macrolides. The strains showed high diversity, where six were assigned to sequence type (ST)/2, and two were allocated to two new STs (ST/1411-1412). MLST analyses of 108 strains from Southeast Asia identified 19 sequence types (ST), and ST/2 was the most prevalent found in 62 strains. A broad range of AMR genes was identified mediating resistance to ß-lactams, including cephalosporins and carbapenems (e.g., blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-23, blaADC-25, blaADC-73, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycosides (e.g., ant(3”)-IIa, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA and aph(3’)-Ia), phenicoles (e.g., catB8), tetracyclines (e.g., tet.B and tet.39), sulfonamides (e.g., sul.1 and sul.2), macrolides and lincosamide (e.g., mph.E, msr.E and abaF). MLST and core genome MLST (cgMLST) showed an extreme diversity among the strains. Several strains isolated from different countries clustered together by cgMLST; however, different clusters shared the same ST. Developing an action plan on AMR, increasing awareness and prohibiting the selling of antibiotics without prescription must be mandatory for this region. Such efforts are critical for enforcing targeted policies on the rational use of carbapenem compounds and controlling AMR dissemination and emergence in general.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.

Telehealth has emerged as a model of modern technology for health care services in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. To actively prevent the outbreak of COVID-19 by using a national digital transformation program, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health launched project 2628/Quyet dinh-Bo y te, which approved a scheme for remote medical examinations and treatments for 2020 to 2025. The project aims to connect 1000 hospitals to strengthen the quality of medical services by using the expertise of central hospitals to support rural areas via provincial hospitals. Phutho General Hospital (PGH) is one of leading provincial hospitals that participated in and applied the early telehealth systems in Vietnam. By using telehealth systems, PGH can offer valuable support to doctors’ activities by streamlining and facilitating their work. Telehealth was demonstrated to be feasible, acceptable, and effective at PGH in Vietnam, and it resulted in considerable improvements in health care outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has facilitated the acceleration and enhancement of telehealth in Vietnam. The success of telehealth in Phutho may be a useful reference for other parts of the world. However, this telehealth system focuses on the connectivity among doctors rather than the connectivity between doctors and patients, which is an area that needs further assessment.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a novel infectious disease pandemic with the agent SARS-CoV-2 virus which is currently affecting and causing damage globally. The outbreak has been crossing over 200 countries in the world. In the situation of the outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam has first sixteen typical cases confirmed positive updated to Feb 28 th , 2020. After completely applying the medical prevention and active control, Vietnam has the ability to take control of the outbreak of COVID-19 as a recent of WHO assessment. Vietnam has been reported as an effective country for prevention and control the outbreak of COVID-19. We retroactive reviewed our experience with 16 positive cases isolation. This article aims to present the first cohort of COVID-19 patients updated to Feb 28 th , 2020 in Vietnam and sharing the national response to the pandemic.

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com source for human infections play an important role. Carriage of Campylobacter by different animal species and contamination rate of meat are generally high and can reach more than 70%. Resistance to antibiotics is of public health concern. High rates of resistance to nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were detected reaching sometimes 100% of isolates. IntroductionZoonoses are diseases and infections which can be transmitted from animals to humans or vice versa. Over 200 pathogens are recognized as zoonotic agents and classified as foodborne and non-foodborne agents. Zoonotic foodborne pathogens may cause human diseases after uptake of contaminated food or water. Several of these microorganisms can be found in the intestinal tract of healthy food-producing animals e. g. thermophilic Campylobacter species.Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both, developed and developing countries, over the last 10 years [1]. A dramatic increase in the number of reported cases was recognized in Australia, Europe, and North America. In the United States, an incidence of 14.3 campylobacteriosis cases per 100.000 inhabitants was reported for the period between 1996 and 2012[2]. In Quebec, Canada an annual incidence of 35.2 cases per 100,000 persons was reported [3]. In Europe, Campylobacter has become the most frequently reported bacterial pathogen causing gastrointestinal infections in humans since 2005. In 2013, 214,779 confirmed cases were reported by the member states of the European Union (EU) which correlated with a notification rate of 64.8 per 100,000 inhabitants [4]. Hence, the number of fatal cases was very low with 0.05%. Data from African countries are limited and indicate that Campylobacter infections are most prevalent in children. In a study in Malawi, 14% of non-diarrheic children and 28% children with diarrhea were PCR positive for C. jejuni and C. coli [5]. C. jejuni and C. coli were also found to be endemic in children in Madagascar and Kenya [6,7]. Epidemiological data concerning campylobacteriosis in Asia are limited. A study from China reported that 5% of diarrheic patients were PCR positive for C. jejuni. The highest prevalence was detected in the cohort of children younger than 7 years [8]. Also in Japan and India Campylobacter infections occur quite frequently [9,10]. Overall, it is difficult to accurately assess the burden of Campylobacter infections in Asia owing to insufficient epidemiological data [1].International travel, consumption of undercooked chicken and products thereof, environmental exposure, and direct contact with farm animals were recognized as risk factors for human campylobacteriosis [11]. The most important sources of AbstractThermophilic Campylobacter are the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are the main sources for ...

Recently, routing on dBG has been investigated as shortest path and fault tolerant routing but investigation into shortest path in failure mode on dBG has been non-existent. Furthermore, dBG based broadcasting has been studied as local broadcasting and arc-disjoint spanning trees based broadcasting. However, their broadcasting algorithms can only work in dBG(2,k). In this paper, we investigate shortest path routing algorithms in the condition of existing failure, based on the Bidirectional de Bruijn graph (BdBG). And we also investigate broadcasting in BdBG for a degree greater than or equal to two 1 .