The Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) of Caine, Foulds and Hope (1967) was administered to 177 Australian women for comparison with Australian women who seek to escape a battering husband. The present sample scored as more hostile than the English standardization sample, but less hostile than the battered wives of the comparison sample on PH (paranoid hostility), G (guilt), and H (total hostility).
Several significant correlations were found. It is argued that negative correlations between age and H, and between age and AH (urge to act out hostility), reflected social learning effects; a negative correlation between age and G was interpreted as demonstrating guilt reduction in adulthood as conflicts which peak in adolescence are resolved. Scores on CO (criticism of others), SC (self‐criticism), PH. G and H emerged as significantly higher in women of lower social class. Exposure to more aggressive models and to more frustrating situations are suggested explanations for these effects.
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